Diarrhea

The diarrhea is a quantity of emitted saddles:

  • in a volume more important than the normal,
  • with a greater frequency.

The saddles generally liquid, but sometimes simply soft, are accompanied by glaires or blood and a procession of Symptôme S variables depending on the cause on the diarrhea. In the extreme cases, more than 20 liters of fluid can be lost per day. The diarrheas are the first cause of Infant mortality in the countries of the Tiers-monde, with 1,5 million per annum dead.

Risk

In addition to the risk related to the affection having caused the diarrhea, the diarrhea itself can cause a Déshydratation. This dehydration can be mortal, especially at the Nourrisson.

Mechanisms of water loss

It is on the level of the Côlon that the saddles are drained. The phenomena of reabsorption of the water contained in the introduced matters occur on the level of the cells colics by a phenomenon of active Transport of salt and, by Osmose, of water. On the level of the crypts of the invaginations of the epithelium colic, a water secretion going from blood about the external middle takes place. These two phenomena are compensated at the person in good health and makes it possible to maintain a hydration suitable of the saddles, which supports the intestinal transit time and improves the circulation terms of the molecules.

Cellular model

August 1st

Secretary diarrhea

The toxin of the Cholera, by increasing the intracellular concentration in cyclic AMP, causes the opening of a channel apical chloride CFTR, for which the changes are in addition responsible for the Mucoviscidose. This channel being the limiting way of secretion of sodium chloride, and thus water, it follows an important water loss towards the saddles.

False diarrheas

  • Diarrheas of the constipé

  • Internal irritable: the diarrhea can also alternate with the Constipation. One speaks then about Intestin irritable, spastic. The gastro-enterologists call that the syndrome of the irritable Côlon. It is often a consequence of a too strong stress or a food with too spiced mets or too fat causing a kind of allergy. An imbalance with a too low food mass for the Intestinal transit time can be also a reason.
  • anal Incontinence
  • diarrhea of the sportsman: concerning in particular the long-distance runners, it makes following the Ischémie reperfusion intestine. It can be avoided by the absolute respect of “the 3 hours rule” which wants that the last meal before the test finishes three hours before the departure. Nevertheless, of the digestive disorders other than the diarrhea can then occur, and the only means of preventing them is the maintenance in an excellent state of its intestinal Flora. That passes by a contribution throughout the year of several bacterial strains of the type Probiotique S and the regular food consumption supporting the development and the maintenance of this flora of which most remarkable is the Oignon.

Acute diarrheas

Infectious

Chronic diarrheas

Diarrhea of duration higher than one month:

Treatment

  • Treatment of the causal affection

  • Speed reducer of the transit
  • Mode without residue

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • acute Diarrheas of the adult (except immunodéprimées diarrheas), pr. Jacques Fournet, University Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), April 2003
  • Site of the network Sentinels of Inserm

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