Dialectical Arabic

The dialectical Arabic (, Al-ʿarbiyat Al-dārija) is a term which recovers in fact several dialects various all resulting from a mixture between the Arab Langue spoken at the time of the expansion arabo-Moslem woman (and whose Written Arabic is a form modernized but little differentiated) and local languages.

These dialects are sufficiently different so that speakers of various dialects cannot, or with difficulty, to include itself/understand. They also have grammars, syntaxes, vocabularies and a pronunciation which made languages different from the written Arabic, so much so that the communication between a person speaking only one about these dialects and another not speaking that the written Arabic is impossible.

They are in perpetual evolution, constantly including new words and turnings of sentences which are most of the time drawn from other languages like French, Spanish or English. They are these languages (with dimensions others as the Berber one) which are used for the communication of the every day in the countries concerned.

Classification

One can gather these dialects in several groups, which one can in their turn classify in two big families:
  • Western Family
    • Iberian group:
      • Andalusian (Andalusia, extinguished, " traces" remaining in certain town speeches in the Maghreb practiced by a small minority of Andalusian origin);
    • Maghrebian group:
      • Moroccan (areas Arabic-speaking people of Morocco,
      • Algerian (central Algeria);
        • Algerian Westerner, (Tlemcen and Nedroma),
        • Arab Oranian, Oran and its area, like Oujda with the Morocco
        • Of Algiers (central speeches), Algiers
        • the constantinois, Algerian Constantine
        • Eastern Algerian nomad,
        • of Traras,
        • Algerian of the nomads telliens;
      • Tunisian (Tunisia, Is Algerian);
    • italo-Maltese group:
    • Bedouin group:
      • Libyan;
        • Libyan of Libyan Tripolitaine,
        • of Cyrénaïque,
        • Libyan of Fezzan;
      • Saharan Hassaniya (Mauritania, the Western Sahara),
      • (South-western Algerian, Niger, the Western Sahara).
  • Eastern Family
    • group of the Nile:
      • Egyptian,
      • soudano-Chadian;
    • group of Raising:
    • mésopotamien group:
      • Iraqi septentrional ( qeltu ),
      • Iraqi Southerner ( gilit ),
      • Anatolian,
      • arabistan (Iranian province of Khuzestan),
      • dialects of Central Asia;
    • Arabic group:
      • dialects of the Persian Gulf (najd),
      • hijazi (west-Arabic),
      • Yemeni (south-Arabic),
      • dialects of the North-West (Negev, the Sinai, South of Jordan).

Foreign influences

In addition to the natural linguistic evolution independent of each area, the various dialects are characterized by the influences of other languages:
  • Berber Substrate for the Maghrebian dialects;
  • old Substrate Egyptian for the Egyptian;
  • Substrate Phénicien for syro-libano-Palestinian, Tunisian, Algerian and the Maltese;
  • Italic Superstratum for the Maltese;
  • Spanish Superstratum for certain populations of Andalusian origin;
  • loans French, Italian S and Castilian S for the Maghrebian dialects and the Lebanese one;
  • loans Turkish S for syro-libano-Palestinian.

Writing

When they are written, the dialects use indifferently a Arabic alphabet modified or a Latin alphabet with diacritics. In the communities Arabic-speaking people of Internet, one uses the Latin letters to which one adds some figures to represent certain sounds; the use of these figures comes from their proximity with the Arab letter representing the same sound. Thus it of 3 is to represent the sound “ayn (letter Arab: ع), of 7 to represent its ha” (Arab letter ح) or of 5 to represent the sound kha' (Arab letter خ). Sometimes one finds also figure 9 to represent the sound qâf (letter Arab ق), but generally this sound is retranscribed by the letter Q.

Examples

Example of the same sentence in French, written Arabic, Maltese, Tunisian dialect, Moroccan dialect, Egyptian dialect and Lebanese dialect:
  • French : Tomorrow, I will see the pretty market;
  • written Arabic: Ghaden, saʾ adh-habu Li-ruʾyati s-suqi' l-jamil;
  • Maltese : Għada sejjer nmarru ruffle s-suq s-sabiħ ( Ghada seyyer nmarrou ruffle penny s-sabih decides);
  • Tunisian: Ghodwa, bèš nemši nšuf have-suq el-bêhî;
  • Algerian: Ghedwa, ruḥ šouf do not have-suq eš-šbeb;
  • Moroccan: Ghedda, ghadi emchi šuf do not be-suq Al-ǧamil;
  • Egyptian: Bokra, rayeḥa ʾašuf have-suʾ Al-gamîl;
  • Lebanese: Bukra, ana rayeḥa šuf have-souʾ el-helo.

See too

External bonds

  • Documents in written Arabic and five dialects (Morrocan, Algerian, Tunisian, syro-libano-Palestinian and Egyptian)
  • Situation of the dialectical Arabic in France
  • Course to learn the Lebanese Arab dialect
  • Site containing from information and the data on the Lebanese dialect

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