Dharma

Hindouism

Used in the Hindouisme, dharma more generally has its legal aspect . It refers to the laws governing the world, on the level of the Macrocosme like Microcosme. Enfreindre these laws involves an imbalance which puts in danger cosmos, on the level macrocosmic like microcosmic. Thus the Indian company is governed by laws, defining the duties of each one according to its Caste, and the fact of enfreindre these laws, in addition to an imbalance of the company, is supposed of involving an imbalance and a destruction of the universe in its entirety. That explains partly why, in spite of their abolition on the legislative level in the Indian Constitution, the castes are always also present in the current India.

In addition to the duty according to the castes, the dharma also fixes the missions suitable for each of the four ages of the life.

These laws are the object of treaty or Dharmaśāstra , among which most famous is undoubtedly the Lois of Manu or Manusmriti .

Buddhism

In Buddhist context, the Dharma does not refer any more to the laws governing the castes and the Hindu lifestyle, but to the teaching of the Bouddha, which describes for example the source of Dukkha (“suffering”, “dissatisfaction”, “badly of living”), its suspension and the way which leads to this suspension. a dharma is a universal Loi here, and teaching a observation of the operation of the world and Esprit, that Buddhism attempts to transmit and explain.

Very often a teaching leads to the other. For example the Meditation of the lesson on the Impermanency of the phenomena and them Interdependence, soon followed intimate experiment of this reality, prepares with the lesson on the essential Vacuité, and causes its immediate intuitive apprehension. From the highest point of view (Paramārtha), Dharma indicates finally the ultimate nature of reality.

In the Buddhist treaties, the Dharma is regarded as one of the three refuges:

“the gift of Dhamma exceeds all the gifts; the savor of Dhamma exceeds all savors; the delight in Dhamma exceeds all the delights. ”

To take refuge mean, in the Bouddhisme, to take support on the forces of the Bouddha , the Dharma (the whole of the lesson) and of the Sangha (the whole of the practitioners), in order to ensure its release of the torments of the Samsara.

Buddhist Dharma is symbolized by a Roue ( will dharmaçakra ) and the first sermon of the Buddha is often compared to the setting in swing of the wheel of the law ( dharmaçakrapravartana ).

According to the context, dharma can also be translated and included/understood by: “what must be” or “the action right”: one thus speaks sometimes about “dharmas” to indicate the precepts in their positive form.

In Buddhism Zen, the transmission of the teaching of Dharma of Master with disciple is attested by a document called Shiho.

Others

The amateurs of the American series Lost know the Initiative Dharma (Dharma Initiative) omnipresent in the second season. The report/ratio with what precedes is not obvious in the second season, even if the “presenter” of films and vidéos discovered by the characters in the various installations of the island has obviously Asian origins. It is in spite of very interesting, starting from the definition above, to decipher these American series. " The île" seem to act on its inhabitants with an aim of making spout out a certain definition of the good (" for the greater good"), and the project of " Iniative Dharma" is nothing less than the establishment a better world via scientific applications! The choice of the realizers is thus surely not pain-killer and adhesive with the definition of the Buddhist dharma.

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