Developing country

Borrowing from the Sciences of nature the comparison with a organization, to say of a country which it is in way of development (DEVELOPING COUNTRY) or in development (the DEVELOPING COUNTRIES) amounts noting that it exceeded some Seuil criticizes evolution and to compare its stage of growth with that of other countries.

Typology of the countries and names

The developing countries are absolutely not homogeneous. The term in general refers to all the countries not forming part of the developed Pays.

The term Pays in the process of development is only one name among others to indicate the same type of problem. The manner of indicating these countries changes according to the angle under which one approaches them and according to the solutions planned to cure their problems. Each one of these terms has significances beyond its appearance first.

Measure development

The development term, in this case, is often taken as a short cut for Economic development, but relates to also the Human development, i.e. other parameters being able to be considered positive for the company (education, health, life expectancy…)

One measures the development of a country starting from statistical indices the such returned per capita, the rate of Analphabétisme, the access to the Eau… UNO thus draws up a list, the classification in this list is called “Indicateur human development” (IDH) of the country.

Concept, nature and finality of the development

January 20th, 1949, in its Speech on the state of the Union, the President of the United States Harry Truman uses for the first time the term of development to justify the assistance with the " underdeveloped Countries " within the framework of the fight against Communism and the Truman doctrine. It declared there be up to the capitalist countries of North, qualified " country développés" , to diffuse their technologies and assistance with the qualified countries of " under-développés" , so that they approach the Western model of company developed.

Although a good part of the world seems to aspire to the development, the term even is criticized him by certain which consider it too much centered on the Western companies. It would imply a direction and a movement which these countries must follow, it would imply an inferiority of the developing countries.

The categories used when it is question of developing country refer to the objectives and the concepts of those which use them. Thus, if one speaks about developing country, that can be at descriptive ends (to give an objective outline of the situation) or at normative ends (to carry the interlocutor to be acted to regulate a situation). One also speaks about nations of the periphery, Third World country or not industrialized countries. One finds the concept of country in the process of development, under a name or another, in many theoretical systems having various orientations, they are for example the theories of the Décolonisation, the theology of the release, the Marxism anti-impérialiste, the political economy.

Sources of (under) the development

According to the theories, one explains the Sous-développement, or the Maldéveloppement, of a country to be left:

Of attitudes and aptitudes intrinsic

aptitudes and behaviors of its elites and its leaders;
its legal structures and institutions.

Of extrinsic elements , realities or used like justification

interest Géopolitique or commercial that it creates near other countries;
place of the country within a historical system and policy raising as well of its geographical inscription as cultural;
certain unsuited reforms forced n the other hand financings of last recourse by multilateral organizations (like the Funds international currency and the the World Bank) to leave the situations of deficit and debt in which the country was put.
lack of interest and comprehension of the multinational corporations for the dynamic specific ones to the country.
unfavourable evolution of the terms of trade, is a loss of income because of the fall in the prices of exports (generally of the raw materials) compared to the imports (generally of the manufactured goods or high technological value)

See the article detailing the Brakes with the development.

See too

General:
economic Typology of the countries

On the set of themes of the development:

Organizations:

G8
the World Bank

External bonds

Governorship and development with the {{XXIe}} century: sight of Africa and Latin America - video online of a conference of twenty-four academics African, Latin-American, European and Québécois, in December 2005 with Montreal
the Research institute for development (IRD) - French Research institute. It has the role of developing scientific projects centered on the relations between the man and his environment in the intertropical zone
Idées for the development. Blog of reflection on the development, written by experts of the field

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