Desire need requires

Lacan introduced the triptych of the search of satisfaction: need, desire, request, at the time of the seminar IV, the object-relationship .

Evolution of the concepts of desire, need and request

Lacan starts from a model freudien (see low).
But he works this thought freudienne using ignored, or unutilised philosophical contributions by Freud.
Introduction: Seminar IV (to be checked).

Need and desire at Freud

The triptych

Lacan leaves the same consideration of an experience of satisfaction: the child is in the need, it is hungry and suffers from it. Then, his/her mother satisfies this need, the roof and the child is not any more hungry, from where birth of the desire.

But the mother also offers to the child a in addition to pleasure , for example by cherishing it, reassuring it in various ways, which leads the child to discover the Demande, which is demand of for more and whose methods are primarily unconscious: the request will have an essential importance in the psychoanalytical Cure.

The distinction between need, desire and request is not the only theoretical approach of the lack: one finds in the middle of the thought of Lacan the differentiation of a symbolic system lack - castration -, of a real lack - the deprivation -, and of an imaginary lack - frustration.

Need

The need gathers the lacks of biological nature . They are physical needs, of vital needs. But psychology very quickly knew to recognize that the vital need and the physical need did not correspond so much; thus, with the Hospitalisme, it proved that the presence of the other is as much necessary to the life than food.

The distinction of a need, in opposition to the other forms of the lack, cannot thus retain the quality of a long time vital like deciding between element. On the model freudien, one will retain the difference between need and impulse: the need is a question which arises for a given moment, while the Pulsion is constant.

Desire

For Lacan, the desire became an important concept, it is not simple a Pulsion. The desire is in a close relationship with the lack.

the difference with the impulses, it is that the desire is supported, not by several sources, but by the thing , and thus the desire runs after a goal impossible to reach. (Lacan)

As long as this desire is moving, psychism functions. Throughout his life, the individual seeks to find the first moment of pleasure, of nonfrustration. If a person would approach too close to this unit to feelings to her childhood (cf requires originating), the subject falls then into a state from door Mélancolie.

“the desire of the subject is the desire of the other”, other Symbolique, specifies Lacan in order to preserve interpretations of the social type. Lacan imagines, even if that is not inevitably its goal, this process by the Mirror stage.

It is also pressed on the philosopher Baruch Spinoza to emphasize the importance of the desire.

Difference between need and desire for Lacan

For Lacan, the need and the desire must be seen on two levels. The first, the need, is the animal heritage of the Man, who has biological obligations, vital. The second, the desire, is specific to the mankind, which goes beyond the simple organic wellbeing.

Ask

According to the approach lacanienne, the request is between the need and the desire, the need and the desire of the other.

Originating request

Genesis of the originating request

As of its birth, the baby is plunged in a bath of language (To touch, odor, its…). This will remain like a trace in him throughout its life.
It cries for the first time because it is hungry. It is the originating request.
the mother interprets this tear and the center for the first time gives him. At the beginning, the baby does only one with the other. It is a fusional report/ratio.
the baby is fully satisfied.
the mother withdraws the center.
Frustration of the baby. This one hallucinates the center.
During this first answer, the mother gave at the same time the concrete specific object (the center) and of the symbolic system: the relation of love of the mother, and her own desires.
the infant is able to differentiate his two levels. He thus sometimes will ask only the level symbolic system while crying.
the mother the interpreter like hunger, and can answer only the first level of the request (food).
Frustration of the baby
This frustration creates a lack, a vacuum in the request.
This one will grow with each nonsatisfied request fully.
the baby will try to reach the pleasure of the first time. This research is of libido energy. This impulse it is what will establish the link between the body and the spirit.
the child will never manage to find this first trace (all that has affected its directions at the time of the tétée first). It is the oral stage.

Ask in the adult

As in the originating request, the request in the adult always has several layers. One has what is known as explicitly and what is known as implicitly. During a therapy, the role of the psychoanalyst is initially to discover implicit request of the patient.

Ask and psychotherapy

The request is a crucial factor of all Psychothérapie; the most common idea is that the request is strongly present in the neurosis, while other pathologies worry the therapeutic process as of this aspect. Certain psychoanalysts will thus intend themselves to work with the request for a third - what is well the case with the Psychanalyse of the children.

It is however necessary to distinguish between the formal request and the unconscious request: a patient can address to a psychotherapist without having true request, in the same way a child can be addressed to a psychoanalyst by his parents and quickly develop a strong demand.

It is seen, this distinction between three lacks, need desire and request, answered perfectly a question about the transfer.

References

Classification of the impulses
Shoring

Random links: