Desert of Karakoum
See also: Karakoum
The deserted of Karakoum , or the Kara-Koum (in Turkmène: Garagum , in Uzbek: Qoraqum , in Russian: Каракумы , which wants to say, “black Sands”) primarily extends in Central Asia with the Turkménistan of which it occupies more half of the territory (350 000 km ²).
Natural environment
The desert of Karakoum is characterized by the formation of the takyrs , which are large-sized basins surrounded by dunes.
The hard climatic conditions allow however the growth of Arbuste S, like the Saksaul and the Acacia of sands.
Economy
It is crossed by the Canal of Karakoum, largest of the world: it makes 1375 km length. It was dug in the Années 1950 and 60 of the Amou-Daria of which it uses 15% of the flow, with the Caspian Sea (port of Türkmenbaşy), to extend the cotton cultures (just like those of Amu-Bukhara and Kizyl-Orda). Unfortunately, the important escapes create lakes and marshes, and involve important a Salinisation.
The desert would shelter significant layers of Pétrole.
The Oasis (Tejen) are important producers of Coton.
The desert is also crossed by the railway line of the Transcaspien.
River: Hari Rud
History and civilizations
Age of the oases
The desert of Karakoum sheltered a civilization of the Bronze Age, with the OJ.
The Russian archeologist Victor Ivanovitch Sarianidi discovered in the Années 1970 a city of what is called since the “civilization of the Oasis”, or archaeological Complexe bactro-margien.
See too
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