Desa

The desa (" Village " in Indonésien, Sanskrit desha , " pays" , that one finds in Bengali in the name Bangladesh) is one of the two types of units of the least high level of division in the territorial administration of the Indonesia, with the common or kelurahan . The chief of village or kepala desa is elected by the direct suffrage.

According to the area or the province, the village can be indicated by another name: gampong in Aceh, nagari in country Minangkabau in the province of Western Sumatra, kampung in Papua.

The law No 32 of 2004 bearing administration of the areas defines the desa as being “a legal unit of population having territorial limits and having authority to regulate and manage the interests of the local population on the basis of habit local recognized and respected in the system of the unit State of the Republic of Indonesia” (article 1, subparagraph 12).

The desa is distinguished from the kelurahan or commune in what the kepala desa is elected by the population, whereas the chief of a kelurahan , the lurah , is a Fonctionnaire named by his hierarchy.

The " democracy villageoise"

One often presents the village indonésien like an example of basic participative democracy.

In the Java of IXe century, the most powerful principalities are those of center of the island. Their lords, the raka , were to be able to establish a bond with the wanua or villages to ensure their incomes while respecting the independence of prosperous rural communities. In XIe century, which sees the rise of the is like principal center of being able of the island, the chain of command between the court and the villages gained in length.

At the time colonial, Dutch authors spoke about " republics villageoises" , whose chief was elected by the population and where the decisions were caught on the basis of deliberation in which the whole of the population took part and who were to lead to a Consensus.

Under the mode of Soeharto, the chief of village ( kepala desa ) was elected, but the only candidate was that of the authorities. The chief of village was moreover " secondé" by a warrant officer appointed by the military command local, the babinsa (acronym of will bintara pembina desa , " warrant officer of orientation of the village".

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