Derek Walcott

14th century | 15th century | 16th century

Years 1430 | Years 1440 | Years 1450 | Years 1460 | Years 1470

1450 | 1451 | 1452 | 1453 | 1454 | 1455 | 1456 | 1457 | 1458 | 1459

----

Depopulation and abandonment of the Indian cities of the center of the the Mississippi, undoubtedly caused by the disease.

the Saadiens occupy about the middle of the 15th century the Moroccan south and directly threaten the authority of the emirs of Marrakech.

the Sérère and the Ouolof, installed on the littoral between the Senegal and the Gambia are subjected in the middle of the 15th century by Mandingues which found several principalities in the area.

the goldsmith Gutenberg installs a workshop of Imprimerie to Mainz. It solves the problem of the assembly of the characters and the press (1447 - 1455).
Medium of the 15th century: development of the Oil-base paint around the brothers Van Eyck, in Flanders. Use of the fabric. Works can be easily transported.

Creation of the university of Tombouctou.
Chronic of Guinea , Gums Eanes de Zurara (middle of the 15th century).
Activity of the Venetian painter Brancaleone in Ethiopia. It introduces figures of the Italian-Greek iconography religious, which will be comparable by Ethiopian art.
humanistic Movement in Germany: school of Sélestat (Geiler, Beatus Rhenanus), centers of Cologne, Mainz, Freiburg or Sponheim.
the French language penetrates towards the South by the commercial main roads.

the warships Chinese disappear from the Indian Ocean and the Arab tradind ships of Eastern Africa leave again for the India and the China to buy there porcelains, statuettes out of ivory, spices and to sell African ivory and slaves to with it.

Period of price stability in Europe (1450 - 1500).
Gone up Demography in France (1450 - 1560): stronger fruitfulness, earlier marriage rate, less intense mortality. It is accompanied by a parcelling out of the property commoner.
Taken again trade by the Rhone-native corridor (1450 - 1480).
Revival of the town activity in Western Europe (1450 - 1560). The wages culminate (1450 - 1475) because of depopulation and of the stop of the wars.

After the departure of Eric de Poméranie, the noble ones improved their political position with the Denmark. They wish to stabilize the value of their fields and to eliminate floating labor. They obtain initially that a royal decision forces the workers to remain at least six months in the employment which they accept. Those which are committed emphasizing a farm are invited to this placing under the protection of a lord. They become “protected” ( vornedskab ) and n the other hand the lord forces to them not to leave the grounds which they exploit. The Master reserves the possibility of selling them or of moving them, of the one with the other of his farms. The mode of serfdom is maintained in the islands of Sjælland and Falster Lolland until in 1788.

the Greek Georges de Trébizonde writes in 1451 that the Venetian ones modelled their constitution on the ideal of the République of Plato. The city, controlled with order, indeed knows little competition between noble nor popular risings. The nobility seems an interdependent elite, which has few privileges even if certain loads its reserved to him, and is melted by marriage with the commercial class. The clergy also pays taxes and is controlled by the State. A patriarch sits at Venice since 1451, chooses by the doge, as well as the canons of Saint-Marc. The bishops are elected by the Senate. The category of the citizens (“originating”, if their father and grandfather were already citizens, or “in special adoption by the Senate” on preliminary report/ratio of lawyers of the commune), easy, does not have the right to exert a power loom and must be devoted to the trade or profits from employment reserved for the ducal chancellery. The people are gathered by professions ( arti or scuole ). Very supervised by the State, seldom poor, he revolts little. Some slaves remain, but in constancy reduction. At the sides of the 100 000 Venetian, lives many other groups: Juifs, gathered in the Ghetto, which carries at certain periods a " O" yellow on their clothing, Germans around the Fondado dei Tedeschi , Albanians, many Greek driven out by the Turks gathered around Saint-Georges.

----

Nds-nl: 1450-1459 Simple: 1450s

Random links: