Dependence with alcohol

Interest of the concept

The dependence is often used as decisive criterion of the swing in the alcoholism of the drinker. This concept was all the more in the middle of the discussions concerning the alcoholism which it makes it possible legitimately to place alcoholism at the side of other drug-addiction. This dependence can be physical like psychological.

Physical dependence

As regards the physical aspect of the problem, while often being proposed, he was studied relatively little and proved the loser of research, more attentive to decipher the phenomena of attack to the somatic integrity. We can nevertheless say that there are several directions in which precise details are still awaited. Jean-Paul Descombey counts some of them. Thus, the Membranes of the Neuron S are made up of layers of Lipide S and layers of hydrophobic Fatty-acids but whose ends, turned towards outside, are absorbent. The Membrane thus allows, according to balance between the affinity of its different components with water, to control the Perméabilité neurons; by upsetting this balance, the alcohol rigidifies the membrane, and (it is what creates also the Tolérance) more difficult the passage of certain elements makes when the organization is with jeun: it is the reason of the disorders of Sevrage. In addition, alcohol also exploits the operation and the production of Neurotransmetteur S, by causing the production (abnormal) some of them, fictitious and besides commun runs with other drugs (Peyotl, Morphine, etc), at the expense of other mediators Chimique S: they would create a spontaneous craving for the alcohol, according to experiments undertaken on rats.

Psychological dependence

As regards the psychological dependence, she she was also often called upon, without, there either, a real clarification being proposed. She leaves the general principle that the Alcoolisme is the Symptôme (and often a Symptom-screen) of a more total lack. One of the explanations is the Narcissisme, with the direction where this one is a state in which the Libido is turned towards oneself or of the objects which replace it. Another great explanation is the Névrose, in which the alcohol makes it possible to pass in addition to the Limite S perceived and the inadequacy between Fantasme and Réalité, by the Déréalisation that the Ivresse gets. For others still (among which Freud), the recourse to alcohol is an alternative to the Psychose and the Mystique, to pass in addition to the restrictions imposed by the life Social E. And, when the individual has a good reason to drink, it cannot do without alcohol without solving before the problem which pushes it to take refuge in drink. In addition, there exists another type of psychological dependence, it is that which is due to the Contexte of the Alcoolisation and with the Conditionnement introduces by this context.

Sources

DESCOMBEY, Jean-Paul, the alcoholic man, Paris: Odile Jacob, 1998,172 p.
MAISONDIEU, Jean, women, men, alcohol. A history of love, Paris: Payot and Rivages, 2004,350p.
MALIGNAC*, Georges, alcoholism, Paris: PUF, 1992

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