Denouncement

The Délation is the denunciation made with an aim of deriving a personal advantage from it (or inspired by a reason méprisable, according to the definition of the Robert). A informer is a person practitioner the denouncement.

In the language running, denouncement appears more and more used for a simple denunciation. This assimilation undoubtedly finds its origin in the case of denouncement most known: denunciations practiced under the occupation by the Collaborator S.

Description

The denouncement is the transmission of confidential informations. Some prefer to say that it is about a denunciation moved by not very avowable reasons.

It occurs when the values of a person are in conflict with those of a group, Multinationale or Gouvernement for example, which maintains a relation followed with this person. For example, a person with the use of agency X since several years will see behaviors which disturb it. After a certain duration, it will test the need to denounce them, breaking to some extent its oath of Loyauté towards this agency. It can as be moved by the will to go in the direction of the authorities, as the acts of those are legitimate or not.

History

Before the arrival of the 21e century, the denouncement was seen like a vulgar means of drawing the attention on oneself. Now that some cases struck popular imagination, she is seen like another means to make respect the laws. She is, to some extent, a reaction to the growing power of the Multinationale S and the Gouvernement S.

The French history of the Thirties and the years of war under the occupation Nazi is enamelled of denunciation to the public authority of various actions. These denunciations led to the prison or death good number of fellow-citizens. The weak legitimacy of the authority in place and the values which she preached is perceived like not making the weight compared to the bonds of fellow-citizenship, solidarity and reserve which the citizens justifiably observe between them. This past often evoked but seldom treated on the bottom returns today still in the French cultural zone the concept of denunciation null and void or suspect. In other cultures it on the contrary is often developed for the courage and the respect of a strict ethics. The examples abound people or associations which took party and denounced, against the powerful ones and the established order, in favor of the democratic values of the states in which they live. See the list of the famous denouncers below. Notice in the passing that the French section is to date limited to cases with some sulfurous relents.

The USA and certain Western countries have legislations which protect the people who have perspicacity, courage and the determination to announce fraudulent practices, abusive or harmful. New terms were born in English ( blower of whistle ), in Dutch ( bell ringer of bell ), to define these denouncers " Robin of Bois".

Other examples, which have occurred in Brittany, show that dramatic events (war, attack) can encourage to cross the step. Such situations can bring to appease revenges against an individual, sometimes for very personal reasons or against groups presented like deviating.

First World War: an example of denunciation of soldier

Calan, May 21st, 1915

Mister the Prefect,

I find that it is of my duty of French teacher to inform you of the conversations which return to me several sources by reporting the accounts of a young person Zouave, the CREN, Pierre, hospitalized since March and arrived at the country for a few days, the accounts has made by this young man have credit because it is more informed than the majority of the men of the country. I do not seek to harm to him, Mr. Prefect, I never had but good relations with his but I feel that unconsciously or by boastfulness it will influence the spirit of our Breton poor which just started to rely on the France.

Hier it said that the Belgians with whom it was would prefer all to see the triumph of the Germany, which the Belgian government also wants that our adversary has the top; that the Belgians would prefer the German soldiers with French; that German was very polished where they passed that our soldiers devastated their firm etc etc It would be good that it receives a small warning because it will make great difficulty; we had to fight so much, to spend us so much to try to give birth to confidence at our Breton being wary even of their country! The words of the young person Zouave are drunk and will be distilled in all the country. Remainder it is class 14, of that of which all young people left death in the middle, thanks to some imbeciles returned in convalescence. My father, an old brave man of 70 had succeeded in being made like small class 15 it encouraged them, it succeeded in making of them patriotic truths which left merry and which write in a very encouraging way to their parents and however among these it is one which acknowledged with my father that it had damaged the leg not to be accepted to the draft board because a returned soldier of the face had frightened it. This small of class 15 is most content with all now. Then it would not be necessary that our zouave spends his month of convalescence to destroy what we had such an amount of sorrow to build.

Please me excuse, Mister the Prefect, and accept my most respectful feelings and devoted.

Louise To bleat
born Béhérec

Source: Departmental records of the Morbihan M 4540

Attacks in Brittany: examples of denunciations

Within the framework of the investigation into the explosion mortal to the restaurant Mc Donald' S of Quévert (see Business of Plévin), the Regional Service of Judicial police of Rennes lance a public call to collect information by promising the confidentiality. In fact, the line " wire rouge" opened with the police headquarters of Rennes is placed under listening, the numbers " entrants" (those which call) are located and the messages are recorded and noted with precision on two established the April 27th, 2000 and June 6th, 2000 by police commander G.H. and dimensioned official reports " D 1205" and " D 1206". A lawsuit was held before the Court of Assizes especially made up of Paris of 1st at March 26th, 2004. All the parts of the bulky penal file are famous to be read with the audiences; they thus became public.

Here are some extracts (the names of people and certain elements will not be posted, some typographical modifications were made, for example for the place names which is systematically noted in block letters by the police officers) for the period of April 21st, 2000 at 9 a.m. at June 6th, 2000 at 9 a.m. 30:

  • CALL 1 -- 21/04 -- 09:30, INDEX 080: Mr. (for Mister) C.B of (...) NO of telephone (...) suspects the identity of the author of the destruction by explosive of the statue of Hoche to Vannes, there is a score of years. It would be about (...) with Lorient which would be age currently of approximately (...) --- FINE INDEX: 161.
  • CALL 2 -- 21/04 -- 12:10, INDEX 180: Mr. (for Mister) C. (...) former gendarme, thinks that the attack in Mac Do (...) could be the fact of the agricultural medium. FINE INDEX: 208.
  • CALL 3 -- 22/04 -- 13:12, INDEX 215: R.M. of Radio France Armorique Rennes thinks like everyone in the Breton movement that the authors ( note: explosion mortal at the restaurant Mc Donald' S of Quévert ) are inevitably in the mobility of Emgann. It evokes another group (...) It acts of the musical group SARAH which would have a side " a little secte" (...) According to him, Emgann could be the inspirers and of people in the mobility of SARAH, the authors. (note: this denunciation is retained against a militant of Emgann, member of the Sarah group, like dependant element, in particular in a stop of the room of the instruction of the Court of Appeal of Paris dated February 21st, 2003 (page 96); decree at the end of September 2001, it is imprisoned until March 26th, 2004, end of the lawsuit before the especially made up Court of Assizes; he then is discharged, released immediately and compensated several months later, having undergone two years and half of Detention pending trial; to see Business of Plévin) .

  • CALL 4 -- 22/04 -- 17:18, INDEX 252: HX unknown man affirms to know people who militate in 1 ' ARB, but any considered good does not want to be " délatoire". (...) FINE INDEX: 306.

  • CALL 5 -- 22/04 -- INDEX 306: Mr. (for Mister) L. (...) of Épernon (27), request if an emission diffused on the 5 approximately fifteen days ago was versed with the file. This emission introduced a young person of Emgann which was rather virulent and referred to the armed struggle. FINE INDEX: 366 20:40.
  • CALL 6 -- 23/04 -- 1OH10 INDEX 401: Mrs. P. (...) lived in cohabitation until (...) with (...). This last (...) is " very revendicatif" with respect to large distribution. With taken part one Saturday of last summer in a demonstration against the Mac Do of (...). with Ras the Face is adherent, No pasaran and LCR. Writing of the anarchistic articles. This call does not refer any to a Breton movement. FINE INDEX: 467.
  • CALL 7 -- 23/04 INDICES 536: Mr. A. (for Mister) (...) saw an individual of approximately 28/35 years, shaven cranium and vêtu of a wind-breaker which crossed the carpark while running towards Mac Do. AT THE END OF INDEX 581 14:32.
  • CALL H25 8:11: On Monday, April 24, 2000 a man of the the Alpes-Maritimes originating in ( Neblec' H ) Mr. (...) Tel.: 04. (...), he says that he had associative responsibilities with ( Neblec' H ), for the first attack of ( Neblec' H ) he carries his suspicions on a man who worked with (...) with ( Neblec' H ) in (...) and which was transferred of office. This man would be bitter removal of his station, it would have contacts during the holidays at the Pays Basque, it could have ideas ARB and be militant Breton. It would be known gendarmerie posts and would have been challenged to have painted panels. Its name would be known town hall or gendarmes. (...) It carries its suspicions for the second attack of Quévert on some (...) resident to ( Neblec' H ) and who would have the telephone. This man is originating in (...) (note: close to Quévert) , it is teaching (...) in a public college with (...) Possibility of having its timetable nearly (...) president of association and assistant of the mayor to ( Neblec' H ). End of conversation to 11:38. (note: the teacher appointed above forever challenged nor even convened for interrogation by the investigators)
    Note: " Neblec' h" into Breton " means; nowhere "

  • CALL 9: On Thursday, April 27, 2000 Mr. (...) Tel.: 02.96. (...) in the time of the attack a truck saw and tows with inscription " AMSTRONG" on the carpark of the STOC

  • CALL 10 INDICES 358 30/04 to 13:05: 05.46.56.29 .68. (Phone box carpark of the marina to Châtelaillon-Beach (17). HX ( anonymous man ) indicates that the author of the attack in Mac Do is (...) â Saint-Brieuc. It is a very dangerous man. --- AT THE END OF 364. ---
  • CALL 11 INDICES 396 11/05 to 18:03: --- (...) (Phone box). --- Mr. (...), born (...) to (...) (22), teacher with (...) is astonished that the representatives of the CGT of (...) received the visit of police officers or gendarmes who would inquire into him within the framework of the atentats of ARB. AT THE END OF 438. ---
  • CALL 12 --- INDEX 445 --- HX ( anonymous man ) accuses Jose BEAUVAIS sic (! for Jose Bove) . AT THE END OF 470. ---

Related articles

  • List of famous denouncers

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