Denis Sassou-Nguesso , born in 1943 parents originating in Ivory Coast (more precisely of ethnos group Abé) with Edou (northern of the Congo) is the president of the Congo February 5th 1979 with the August 3rd 1992 and returns to the capacity the October 15th 1997 following a Coup d'etat which reverses Pascal Lissouba.

Family life

He is the father-in-law of Omar Bongo, president of the Gabon.

He has a brother, Maurice Nguesso, businessman.

General and Congolese statesman

After a formation at the school of the teachers of Dolisie, it engages in the Congolese army in 1961 and follows a military training of reservist in Cherchell enAlgery. It integrates the armed forces and the body of the parachutists in 1964. He becomes the assistant manager of body about it a few years later with Kimbouala Nkaya as chief of police. This last will find unfortunately death 1977 during its arrestaion relative to died of Marien Gouabi. It is in the national psychosis, this fatal madness that the cardinal Emile Biayenda will be assassinated and the former president Alphonse Massamba-Debate, predecessor of Marien Gouabi, carried out after a martial lawsuit.

In 1970, Sassou-Nguesso adheres to the Congolese Party work (PCT) which is created in 1969 and is named Minister for defense, of safety. It takes over temporarily the duties of the presidency later, from March 18th to April 2nd, 1977, after the assassination of president Marien Ngouabi. It is supplanted by Joachim Yhombi-Opango, the officer more graded with the head of the Military committee of the party, which intends to ensure the control of the political power. He is then elected president of the PCT at the conclusion of the congress of the February 5th 1979 and becomes in fact the new president of the Republic.

First presidency

He sets up an economic and social five-year plan of rebuilding of Congo aiming in particular to the construction of roads and bridges. This plan is confronted with the fall of the course of the Pétrole, because its financing is fixed in advance on production, actually loans guaranteed on oil (main resource of the country). Vis-a-vis the failure of this plan, Sassou-Nguesso is constrained to carry out negotiations with the Fonds international currency which agree to help Congo subject to the adoption of measurements of financial transparencies and democratization of the country.

On the international plan, it maintains the relationships with African liberation movements main road and the Marxist capacity Angola is while preserving close links with the France. In 1986, it takes its distances with the Marxism to leave its diplomatic insulation. In 1988 it brings together with Brazzaville representatives of Angola and South Africa. This same year, it will be high with the rank of General of the armies (of its own will because the Congolese army does not have any general at that time).

The February 25th 1991, pressed by the workers who threaten to go down in the street, it is seen obliged to hold a National conference, during which, its bad management is put at the great day. It is returned only person in charge of the economic disaster because of its connection with politico-gangster mediums. He is also condemned to a fine of 2 frank billion CFA and one charges to him the personal liabilities of the assassinations perpetrated following the assassination of president Ngouabi. At the conclusion of the conference, a transition government is set up and this one fixes the date of the presidential election. Candidate for his own succession with the elections of the June 2nd 1992, Sassou-Nguesso arrives in third position behind Pascal Lissouba and Bernard Kolélas. He chooses to support Lissouba, to which he brings his voices, because of his ministerial experiment.

Crossing of the desert

It is withdrawn in the village of Oyo, in the north of Congo, where it furbishes its revenge by organizing its militia called Cobras . In 1995, it settles with the Vésinet, close to Paris, to contact its future mentors, who will bring back it to the capacity in the luggage of the Angolan army, and a multinational of Mercenaire S. From the point of view of the presidential election of June 1997, Sassou-Nguesso returns to Congo. But as of April, of the assassinations are perpetrated by its militia with Owando and on the Alima river. On letter of request of the public prosecutor of Owando, police force arises in front of the residence of Sassou-Nguesso to Mpila where supposed the assassins took refuge. The militiamans Cobras start a fire heavy against the police force. It is on June 5th, 1997 that starts the beginning of a new civil war which will make more than 10.000 dead. Mid-October, the Angolan army, the mercenaries and the militia of Sassou-Nguesso take the control of the country and this last autoproclame president. He suspends the Constitution approved after the National conference and approved by more than 93% of the Congoleses and confiscates individual freedoms dearly acquired. He sets up a transition to flexible duration and mechanisms of patrimonial management of the natural resources like oil for better plundering the country. The National company of oils of Congo (SNPC) and others companies offshore oil rig, installed with the Cayman Islands, are created and entrusted to cousins, nephews, wire and other members of the clan and the Sassou-Nguesso family.

Second presidency

After having made approve a new constitution cut to measure by Referendum, he is officially elected for a 7 years mandate (whereas he is of 5 in the preceding constitution) on March 10th, 2002 with 89,54% of the votes cast.

It is shown to have maintained areas whole, in particular the south of the country, under the cut of men-at-arms (militia “Cobras” and sometimes the governmental army). An area particularly disaster victim démographiquement and economically, the Pool, is withdrawn normal functioning of the Republic. Whereas this area was before the wars the lung of the country, since 1997, no budgetary heading is not voted and the schools were closed just like the medical structures except for those of the ONG, like Doctors without borders, which were regularly threatened of closing. But the situation could tend towards a light return to the normal initiated as of the years 2005.

In addition, Denis SASSOU NGUESSO is freemason and Main Grand of the Big room of Congo Brazzaville. This obedience is recognized regular by the French National Big room (GLNF). For this reason, Denis SASSOU NGUESSO always profited from the support and collaboration full and whole of the large successive Masters of the GLNF, CHARBONNIAUD, FOELLNER. The attitude of the main large future of the GLNF whose nomination will be ratified in December 2007, François STIFANI, Antibes-native lawyer, seems to have to maintain the same political line of collaboration total with Congo of SASSOU NGUESSO. The regularity recognized by the GLNF with the Big room of Congo rests on the strict compliance with the rule in 12 points (see the site of the GLNF). Thus, in particular item 3 states: " 3) Freemasonry is an Order to which can belong only the free men and sizeable who commit themselves into practice putting an ideal of peace, love and fraternité." And item 9, " The freemasons should admit in their Cabins, only men major of perfect reputation, people of honors, honest and discrete, worthy in all points to be their brothers and ready to recognize the terminals of the field of the man and the infinite power of the éternel."

Thus, the GLNF estimates that the reputation of Denis SASSOU NGUESSO is " parfaite" in spite of the legal proceedings in its opposition and its attitude.

In 2006, Denis Sassou-Nguesso takes for one year the presidency of the African Union, continuation of a compromise to prevent that the station is not occupied by Omar to el-Béchir, President of the Sudan.

Personal expenditure

In 2006 of the journalists to the the United States revealed that during a five nights stay in New York in the hotel Waldorf Astoria, the continuation occupied by Sassou-Nguesso accumulates expenses of £12,000 and an entire amount of £73,000. To assist at the general meeting of UNO in September 2006, at the time of other a five nights stay, its entourage occupies 44 rooms, making an invoice of £130,000, always with the account of the Congolese State. The British newspaper The Sunday Times is ironical that this amount exceeds by far the sum of the humanitarian aid contributed to Congo by the the United Kingdom in 2006. June 18th, 2007, the parquet floor of Paris opened an preliminary investigation against Denis Sassou Nguesso, Omar Bongo and their entourage, shown by three French associations of " concealment of embezzlement publics". The Head of the Congolese State and his family have indeed in Paris region of sumptuous apartments and de luxe hotels.

See too

Related articles

• List of the current leaders

External bonds

• Sassou Nguesso attached to its Parisian de luxe hotels
• site of the Presidency of the Republic

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