Demography of the Countries of the Loire

At the first January 2006, the population of the Pays of the Loire was of 3 426 000 inhabitants, is more 25 000 of more than one year before (3 400 745). Since the census of at the beginning of 1999, the area progressed at the rate of 0,89% annually distributed for half between the natural increase (0,44%) and immigration (0,45%). On the scale of the France, the area is in the leading bunch for his demographic dynamism, and holds the record of fruitfulness within the metropolis.

Evolution of the population

History

Sources: IAURIF and.

Recent years

The regional population knows a supported evolution, related on its strong fruitfulness and the attraction which she exerts, giving place to an appreciable French immigration of other areas and foreigners.

Sources: INSEE and

It is especially the west of the area of the Countries of the Loire which shows dynamism with the good progression of the the Vendée and of the Loire-Atlantique. The two departments of Maine follow a rate/rhythm a little slower, although their progress is strong Nets. The same applies to Maine-et-Loire.

Births and death by department

Provided figures by INSEE -.

Fruitfulness by department

Between 1999 and 2003, the median number of children per woman or index of the economic situation of fruitfulness evolved/moved as follows for each department and the whole of the area:

Let us note that the Fertility rate of the Metropolitan France was estimated at 1,98 in 2006.

The area of the Countries of the Loire was in 2003, with the the Picardy, most fertile of Metropolitan France. The growth of the fruitfulness observed since the end of the year 1990 on the worldwide, is more considerable still in the area. In spite of a light backward flow in 2003 caused by a weakening in Loire-Atlantique and especially in Maine-et-Loire, the general tendency is and remains bull. Two departments, Mayenne and the Vendée reached or exceeded the threshold of replacement of the generations, extremely rare situation in Europe of the 27.

The Countries of the Loire, of strong catholic tradition formed in the years the 1950-1960 Western exremity of what one called the " growing fertile" by allusion to the fertility of the women who resided at it. This crescent of high fruitfulness, left the Vendée and of Brittany, went up the coasts of the English Channel towards the North-East and circumvented the Île-de-France by north, including the Nord-Pas-de-Calais, from where it curved towards south-east, passing by the Champagne, the Lorraine and the Alsace, then inflected towards the south and finished in Franche-Comté. Today the north-eastern part of the crescent subsided (Lorraine and partially Champagne) and this crescent thus does not exist more. However all North-West of France since the Vendée and the Brittany until the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and at the department of the Ardennes and the Meuse, including/understanding in more the Ile-de-France and north of the area Centers (Eure-et-Loir, Loir-et-Cher and Loiret), always constitutes the zone of higher fruitfulness of the country. And within this framework the area of the Pays of the Loire is with the the most powerful Picardy.

Recent evolution of fruitfulness

The data of fruitfulness after 2003 are very fragmentary. INSEE Brittany however reveals us that in 2005, fruitfulness exceeded the threshold of the fertility rate of 2,0 in 5 areas, with at the head the Countries of the Loire. It acts moreover Nord-Pas-de-Calais, of Picardy, of the Franche-Comté and Center area. The Countries of the Loire thus consolidate their first place within the most fertile areas of the country.

Immigration

Foreigners and immigrants

By immigrant one understands somebody residing in France, born foreigner abroad. He can be become French by acquisition or have kept his foreign nationality. On the other hand the group from abroad is consisted the whole of the residents having a foreign nationality, which they were born in France or out of France.

The French of birth born out of France are not immigrants.

Note:

the code of French nationality declares that any person born of at least a French relative is French with the birth (by filiation). Is also French with the birth, any person born in France of at least a relative himself born in France (double right of the ground). Thus any child from abroad born itself in France is French full.

the newborns in France of foreign parents born both abroad are thus foreign, but become French full at 18 years, if they reside there and resided at it in a continuous or discontinuous way during five years since age the 11 years and if they do not wish to preserve their nationality of origin. However the 16 year old minor accomplished can make the request for acquisition anticipated of nationality without the agreement of his parents and under the same conditions of duration of residence in France during five years since the 11 years age. Moreover, as of the 13 years age, the parents can ask for French nationality for their child, with his agreement (under condition of having resided five years in France since the 8 years age).

Immigrants

For a long time, until the years 1970, the west of France, prolific and primarily agricultural accommodated very few immigrants, foreigners or not. At that time immigration in France was above all made up of industrial workers, but the area was a primarily agricultural ground, and the little of industry which had settled there found on the spot the labor necessary. Like the surrounding areas, the Countries of the Loire were a ground of emigration, feeding the Paris region in particular. On the whole a weak immigration of foreign workers had nevertheless settled in some industrial centers like Nantes, Saint-Nazaire, Angers, Mans or Cholet. In 1975, year of the stop of the massive immigration of labor in France, the area counted thus hardly 1,2% of immigrants. As of this moment it is immigration for family gathering or reasons political which will take the step. The objective attractivity of the area being reinforced little by little, the immigrants will be 1,9% in 1999, that is to say 62.400 people. 42.800 foreigners then are counted. 42% of the immigrants became French by acquisition. The independent groups of immigrants are the Portuguese, the Morrocans and the Algerians. One as finds there, in greater number as of habit of the nationals of old French Indo-China and the black Africans. Among Europeans still let us note the existence of a British current of origin (more or less 200 immigrants per annum).

One notes in 1999, a Spaniard arrival and Algerians definitely less than in the whole of the metropolis, but an arrival of natives of Black Africa definitely higher than the French average, and in particular with regard to Madagascar, Cameroun and Coast-in Ivoire.

Immigration of united and women

Currently, the principal reasons for immigration concern what one calls of a little obscure name of Private life and family , which represents mainly the immigration of foreign couple come to join in France one (E) citizen () French (E), category which accounts for 64% of the arrivals in Country of the Loire except Europe. Thus, the mixed marriages represent from now on the major part of the new entries of permanent migrants except European Union, against less than one third at the national level.

From 1990 to 1999,42% of the newcomers had less than 25 years. There were 8.500 women for 6.900 men among the new immigrants. Between the ages of 20 and 35 years, one counted three women for two men.

Let us underline finally the relatively important weight of the immigration of Black Africa within immigration ligérienne. The nationals of these countries accounted for 19,5% of the total of the immigrants of the period, against 15,3% for whole France.

And this new type of immigration seems to continue in a way even more intense since 1999

Effective annual means of immigration except European Union (to 15) of 1999 to 2003

Note:

By family gathering one hears the immigration of the spouse and of the children of less than 18 years authorized to join the relative foreign national

a mixed marriage comprises the immigration from abroad following his marriage with a citizen of French nationality. At the beginning this spouse, if it is not amenable to the European Union of the fifteen, receives usually only one valid one year called title Private life and family residence permit.

Immigrants from France

It is about migratory balance with the other metropolitan regions. During the period 1999-2004, this positive balance amounted on average to 0,25% of the population of the area (more or less 8 000 people per annum, is 41 000 on the whole). Between 1999 and 2004,181 000 residents left the area while 222 000 settled there.

In the following table, the areas close to the Countries of the Loire were gathered under the mention " areas voisines". They are the areas Brittany, Center, Poitou-Charentes and Basse-Normandie.

The figures cover the five years period going of January 1st 1999 at January 1st 2004:

However a big number of young adults leave the area, especially bound for the Paris region. Between 1999 and 2004, the Countries of the Loire thus counted 17.000 departures Nets of people from 20 to 29 years. On the other hand the migratory exchanges are surplus for all the other age brackets: + 32.000 for the credits from 30 to 59 years, + 15.000 for the children and + 11.000 for the 60 year old elderly and more.

Distribution of the births by nationality of the mother

The following figures are provided by INSEE for the year 2004 :

There are very little births of foreign mother in the area (more or less 3,6% of the total), this of course in relation to their weak manpower. As almost everywhere else in France, the number of births of Spanish and Italian mother is nearly unimportant. There are also very little births of Portuguese mother, which is related to the weak presence of this nationality in the area. Finally one raises hardly 1% of births of Maghrebian mother.

The legitimate births are still majority in the area.

Marriages

In 2004, one recorded 14.112 marriages in Country of the Loire, of which:

12.829 between two joint French
94 between foreign couple
434 mixed marriages between French husband and foreign wife
755 mixed marriages between French wife and foreign husband

Ventilation of the mixed marriages

Source: .

The number of mixed marriages is really very high in Country of the Loire, which corresponds to the new tendencies of immigration ligérienne based on the marriages mixed and described above (see paragraph concerning the immigrants). One witnesses a fast fusion from abroad within the French crucible. Indeed on 1.377 joint foreigners having contracted marriage, 1.189 (that is to say more than 86%) had done it in mixed marriages. The number from abroad in 2004 being estimated at step more than 65.000 people, the marriage rate within the group from abroad reaches astonishing tops in the area.

Principal urban surfaces

The following populations refer to the urban surfaces in their extension defined at the time of the census of 1999.

Between 1990 and 1999, the area had gained close to 165 000 inhabitants. Nantes does not allot of them less 65 000 (40%) and Angers 24 000 (nearly 15%). Saint-Nazaire, like the whole of the ports of the northern half of France, knows an unquestionable stagnation. Angers and Nantes profit from a strong population coed thanks to very good infrastructures, which is not the case of the other big cities of this area. Mans also progresses with 16.000 arrivals. The city remains during end of the year 90, under the harmful influence of disindustrialization. Obviously the population concentrates in the 3 urban surfaces most important, like in some smaller but very dynamic entities, in the Vendée especially (beautiful performance of the Roche-sur-Yon and of Sand-with Olonne).

Concerning Nantes, one can say that its promotion as a regional metropolis is a great success right now. Only the growth of Rennes in the great French west can support the comparison.

References

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