The Democratic republic of Vietnam (or North-Vietnam ) was founded by Ho Chi Minh in 1945 and is at the origin of current the Socialist République of Vietnam (or simply Vietnam ), name which it took following her absorption of the République of Vietnam (or South-Vietnam ) in 1976.

Introduction

With simplest and shortest, the Democratic republic of Vietnam had as a birth certificate the Declaration of independence of Vietnam made by President Ho Chi Minh on September 2nd, 1945 with Hanoi on the place Ba Dinh in ceremonial a confucéen of dynastic change, in the presence of all the constitutional body and of the religious congregations. This declaration of independence is the result of the " Revolution of August " who is itself the result of more than one half-century of resistances Vietnameses against the French colonization of which one of the figureheads is still the Emperor Duy Tan détrôné for nationalism and exiled in the island of the Réunion.

This independence was not recognized by the French guardian power and it followed the First War of Indo-China of independence whose fine one was paid at the price of the temporary partition in two zones of military regrouping, according to the Accords of Geneva of 1954. With the regrouping of the forces Vietnameses, the Democratic republic of Vietnam saw her territory reduced to the North of the 17 {{E}} parallel. The French forces gathered in the South of the 17th parallel continued to support the Vietnamese State of Saigon which, by the coup d'etat of Ngo Dinh Diem, became the " Republic of Vietnam " with the orders of the United States, as the Vietnamese State was with the orders of France.

Wars of independence and reunification

“Nothing is more invaluable than independence and freedom” . This word of the citizen Nguyen Tat Thanh, proscribed Nguyen Have Quoc, President Ho Chi Minh summarizes the history of Vietnam told by the General Vo Nguyen Giap. Also for independence and the unit, the emperor Bao Dai abdicated in 1945 in favor of the young Democratic republic of Vietnam.

Following the Revolution of August and with the declaration of independence, the First War of Indo-China of independence of Vietnam was carried out on the plans diplomatic, military and political by the Democratic republic of Vietnam. In nationalist backfire, France created the Vietnamese State of Saigon under the sovereignty of the Emperor Bao Dai that France brought back exile to HongKong. Thus, a war of colonial reconquest was transformed into civil war.

The First War of Indo-China ended in the Accords of Geneva of 1954 which temporarily divided Vietnam in two zones of military regrouping, the troops of the Armée Popular Vietnamese in North with the 17th parallel and the French troops of the French Task force in the Far East (CEFEO) in the South of the 17th parallel before their complete evacuation of Vietnam, Laos and Kampuchea. The Democratic republic of Vietnam saw her territory reduced to the North of the 17th parallel.

At the time of the signature of the Agreements of Geneva, the emperor Bao Dai recalled Ngo Dinh Diem in exile in a monastery roman catholic to the United States to make of it its Prime Minister who, in 1955, made a coup d'etat and bench a “République of Vietnam” by a referendum obviously faked with more favorable voices than voters what forced the emperor Bao Dai to abdicate.

As France transformed its colonial war into war by the creation of the Vietnamese State of Saigon, the United States transformed their war anticommunist into civil war by the creation of the “Republic of Vietnam”. The sabotage of the election chief clerk for the reunification of the two zones planned for 1956 by these Agreements of Geneva led to the Second War of Indo-China of reunification or Guerre of Vietnam

This war of reunification was carried out jointly by the Democratic republic of Vietnam and the National front for the release of Vietnam.

With the reunification, the “Democratic republic of Vietnam” scuttled herself to absorb the “Republic of the Vietnam” who disappeared with the unconditional capitulation from Saigpn on April 30th, 1975. This reunification was devoted on the plans diplomatic and political by the birth of the " socialist Republic of Vietnam " in 1979 which had to face continuation the Third War of Indo-China which expresses the antique Contentieux sino-Vietnamese.

Conclusion

With the unconditional capitulation of Saigon on April 30th, 1975, the " Republic of Vietnam (Cong Hoa Vietnam) disappeared to leave the place to a Provisional government (also called Provisional Gouvernement Revolutionary or GRP) which as disappeared at the same time as the " Democratic republic of Vietnam " (Cong Hoa daN Chu Vietnam), which existed of 1945 to 1979, to see appearing the " Socialist republic of Vietnam " (Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Ngia Vietnam) from 1979 of a Vietnam independent and plain. It went there in the same way for the reunification of both Allemagnes in 1989.

Bibliographical references

  • Bernard B. Fall
    • The Vietminh Mode (1954), Vietminh (1960, French translation, Hake)
    • The Two Vietnams (1963), two Vietnam (1962, French translation, Payot)
    • Indo-China 1946-1962 (1962, Laffont)
    • Vietnam Witness, 1953-66 (1966)
    • Hell in has Very Small Place: The Sits off Diên Biên Phu (1966), Diên Biên Phu, a corner of hell (1968, posthumous French translation, Laffont)
    • Anatomy off has Crisis: The Laotian Crisis off 1960-1961 (1969).
  • Jean Lacouture, Ho Chi Minh , Threshold, Political coll, Paris, 1967.
    • Vietnam, of the French war to the American war, with Philippe Devillers, coll. Spirit, 1969
    • End of a war, in collaboration with Philippe Devillers, 1960, new edition in 1969

  • Paul Driven, Vietnam. Sociology of a war , Threshold, Paris, 1952.

Simple: North Vietnam

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