The democratic universalization is an idea combining the concepts of Mondialisation and Démocratie, which aims at instituting a Démocratie on a worldwide scale. In practice, the average main thing suggested is to develop a world order in which the international organizations would have a great role and would function in a democratic way, while approaching gradually the mode Fédéraliste (1),

With the difference of the Antimondialiste S, the movements directed towards democratic universalization are Promondialiste S. They do not want to stop the Mondialisation, but wish on the contrary:

• that it progresses and penetrates in more fields, in particular that of the institutions
• that it is more democratic, by an access of all Citoyen of the world to the decisions.

The altermondialists wish, them, a change of the process of universalization, in particular from an economic standpoint.

Exclusively institutional optics

Democratic universalization is interested primarily in the institutional development necessary to operation of a planet whose actors are increasingly interdependent and the questions to manage increasingly transnational. This development cannot rest any more on simple the Multilatéralisme and Internationalisme which remains subjected to the screen of the State-nations. This concern joined certain research topics in political sciences on the world Gouvernance (total governance).

Democratic universalization privileges any field a priori, nor no choice of policy in each field, considering that the decisions must be taken by these world institutions according to a democratic process and not be the subject of preliminary orientations.

Altermondialism and democratic Universalization

The Altermondialisme is presented in the form of centered on principles moral, ecological, and ethical in the social domains and economic more than on the institutional innovation for a democratic universalization.

The currents reformists of the altermondialism privilege in particular existing texts of international law, quote for example: declarations of the human rights (Universal declaration of the Human rights), conventions on the environment, (Convention on Biological diversity), rights of the people (Conventions 169 of ILO)). For the altermondialists, the mechanisms of democratic universalization should hold in account these " contraintes" additional but an option would be to check the application of these provisions within the framework of the existing institutions.

Let us quote here the ideological preconditions to the democratic universalization seen by Susan George, vice-president of association ATTAC in the " Text for the Worldwide social forum of Porto Alegre " :

“I would like to speak about the steps to make together if we want to achieve our goal--that I would define as " a democratic, equitable universalization and écologique". Some of these steps are intellectual or ideological; others more relate to the organization, the tactics and the strategy. ”

The movement altermondialist supports in particular, without proposing particular diagram, the democratization of the great international decisional authorities like the the IMF, and the OMC, which they regularly show to be authorities disconnected from the citizens.

The possible process

This democratic structuring of the institutions could start by

• the creation of a small number of democratic world institutions having capacities very specific in a number to the restricted departure of fields of shared interest appearing insufficiently covered by the existing institutions (pragmatic step).
• and in parallel the opening with the world citizens of existing international institutions to broader vocations, but controlled for the moment by the State-nations,

The long-term goal would be that these various institutions federate later on in a democratic world government.

Democratic Universalization and total Federalism

The integral or total Fédéralisme is a vision of the federalism which exceeds the only theory of the Federal state but in fact a political philosophy with whole share. A. Marc seeks a balance between Universalisme and Individualisme, between authority and freedom. Its principles are Subsidiarité, autonomy and participation and co-operation. He is opposed to the Jacobinisme and with the Nationalisme by disputing the State-nation like forms of political organization.

Particular DEBATEs relating to certain existing institutions

One of the problems is that UNO, that some see like the embryo of this construction, is weakened by reticent States against structures higher than them. But especially UNO was not creates like democratic authority but like a tool for negotiation between Sovereign states. Thus the representation is not done according to the population, and the nondemocratic modes are also represented. UNO thus has neither in its operating process, nor in its mission of democratic orientation. Its search for an shared interest higher than the national interests is not thus to confuse with the democracy.

In addition, of the institutions as OMC do not depend on UNO and some their actions can deviate from the U.N. objectives. This reason is advanced by the Altermondialistes to require to place OMC under U.N. bosom, which according to them would more bind the development of the economic sector to that of the Démocratie, of the Justice, the Human rights and the protection of the Environnement.

With UNO, all the States are not equal, five of them having a capacity quite higher while being permanent than the safety advice and while having the right to veto, which constitutes a democratic deficit. These five States are: China, the United States, France, Great Britain, Russia.

Critical

According to some critical, the modern democracies developed:

1. within State-Nations
2. by the " bas" and not by a political will.

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