See also: Defense

The defense and the Safety , forming the safety Nation ale , are kingly Fonctions of a State which aim at ensuring, in all places, all times and all circumstances, the integrity of the territory, the Protection of the population and the safeguarding of the national interests against all types of Menace S and aggressions. They also take part in the respect of alliances, treated S and international agreements. These missions are probably at the base even of the concept of State, if as well is as the primitive communities in the beginning gathered and organized themselves to ensure their safety.

“Defense! It is the first raison d'être of the State. It cannot there miss without destroying itself. ” (Charles de Gaulle, second speech of Bayeux, 1952)

Defense and safety are national because they do not relate to only military defense and the Armed forces, but all the administration S persons in charge of main categories of functions or Ressource S Essentielle S with the life of the country.

• Law and order and Civil security,

• Foreign relations and Diplomacy,
• Finance
• Raw materials, energy, industrial product Food and,
• Public health,
• Transport S and Telecommunications,
• Public works
• Information system security…

Certain countries qualify the concept of total defense to qualify the mobilization of all thus their Ressource S.

The national defense relates to the Protection against only the Menace S external.

The term Sécurité relates to threats nonexplicitly dependant on military aggressions:

• On a national territory, safety can relate to the Law and order and the interior Menace S in general. It is then question of Internal security, Sécurité santitaire, etc… The implementation is responsibility for particular ministries according to the threats observed (Ministère of the Interior with the Security forces, Ministère of health,…), or of interdepartmental Organizations when the threat is broader.
• safety can also relate to more total threats. For example, the problem of rarefaction of the Natural resources (Oil, Gas, coal,…) present security issues in general economic. He asks to set up measurements of Security of supply, which in a European context could be shared between the countries of the European Union.

For this field: to see the article Internal security

In an international context, the safety term addresses to defense nations: they are questions of security, of Safety advice of the United Nations, Collective security…

Organization

The organization of defense is closely related to the organization of the State.

Generally:

• the Head of the State is chief of the Armée S, the Chef of the government is responsible for the use of the Armed forces,

• the Defense policy is defined by the government,
• interdepartmental Instances (council of defense, national council of safety, General secretary of national defense,…) are in charge with the catches of Décision as regards defense, with the follow-up of their application, the coordination of the administration S concerned.
• a Ministère of Defense is responsible for the organization, of the preparation of the Armed forces and their Mobilization. It ensures not only the administration and the direction of the Armée S, but also that of service S commun runs, of which in particular:
• the intelligence services, whose economic Intelligence is one of the essential components today,
• the services of acquisition of military equipment and Arme lies (in France, the General delegation for the armament - DGA).

Organization by country

• in France: organization of the national defense, the Ministry for Defense (France)

• with the the United States: United States Department off Defense
• with the the United Kingdom: Ministry off Defense
• in Belgium: ministry for Defense, * with the Canada: Ministry for National defense/Canadian Forces
• in Swiss: DDPS federal Department of defense http://www.vbs.admin.ch/internet/vbs/fr/home.html

Armed forces

The Armed forces represent the various organizations and military means that a State devotes to the implementation of its Defense policy. Their mission first is to ensure the safety of the State, the defense of its interests and the Protection of its Population S and territories with respect to a external Menace. They can also receive missions of Maintien of peace, within an international framework. In general, they also take part in the implementation of other public policies: Politics foreign, Internal security, Civil security, Public health, maritime Safeguard, Environmental protection…

In certain countries, they gather forces especially dedicated to these missions of Internal security or police force and then include/understand forces of Gendarmerie or forces Paramilitaire S (Frontier guards, Garde-côtes…).