The decision making is a cognitive Processus complex aiming to the selection of a type of action among various alternatives. The theory studying the catch of Décision is the Decision theory .
Decision making
Decision making relates to any living organism. It interests each individual and each group.
It is about a method of Raisonnement which can be based on rational and/or irrational arguments.
This process is activated when we feel the need to act without knowing how to direct our Action. To prefer to rely on the Hasard (to draw with pile or face) is also the result of a decision making.
Decision making rational is an important aspect of the scientific professions. For example in medical decision making intervenes in the establishment of the diagnosis and the regulation of the treatment. However, several research shows that in certain situations (obligation of a fast action or impossibility of knowing certain information) the experts can privilege their intuition.
The daily life is full with situations calling upon decision making: to organize its weekend, to make the races, to vote,…
We cannot " voir" a decision, this says the observation of the external behavior can inform about the state of the Decision-making process.
Decision making is a cognitive process complexes aiming to the selection of a type of action among various alternatives. The theory studying the decision making and the decision theory.
One can distinguish various modes from decision:
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Authoritative: only one member makes the decision.
- Majority: the whole of the members is of agreement.
- Minority: under group makes the decision for all.
- Unanimity: a vote with the whole of the group.
Moreover, there exist various levels of decision which must be taken in a company:
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Strategic decisions: engages the company over one long period (more than 5 years). The decisions are made by more the hierarchical high level, i.e. either by Management General or by the State. These decisions are single, occasional.
- tactical Decisions: engages the medium-term company (from 2 to 5 years). The decisions are made by the higher framings. These decisions are not very frequent, not very foreseeable.
- operational Decisions: engages the short-term company (less than 2 years). The decisions are made by the executants. These decisions are frequent, very foreseeable.
Types of decisions
Methods of decision making
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not to decide or act - but what will have made the decision make or not make?
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To proceed by analyzing (ex: : category: Logic)
- To associate ideas between them (ex: heuristic Chart)
- to rely on its feeling (ex: Affectivity)
- To ask council (with a person or a group) and to warn (ex: Conciliation or Brainstorming)
- to be made accompany in its process of reflection to decide (ex: Mediation)
- to conform to the others
- To ask another person to decide for oneself (ex: arbitration)
- To ask a group to decide for oneself (e.g. Jury)
- To negotiate
- To seek the Consensus, to make Compromised
- to rely on the Chance
- To impose arbitrary the
Software of assistance to decision making
Decision making in certain situations having to take into account a big number of parameters, computing systems were developed to help with the analysis of the consequences and to reduce the risk of errors. Some of these systems model cognitive functions of decision making, to see e.g. " Year Intelligent Approach to the Decision Adviser (IDA) for Emergency Managers, 1999".
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