Decapoda

The Decapoda (of the Greek decaf , ten, and pous, podos , foot) are by definition of Shellfish having 5 pairs of Patte S. This order includes/understands in particular some well-known shellfish, such as the Galathée S, the Crabe S, the Crevette S, the crayfish S or the Homard S and Langouste S. One qualifies them in the language running of Décapode S which also indicates the group of the Sepiida, of the Mollusque S Céphalopode S.

Ecology

The Decapoda are carnivorous animals.

The majority are sailors. It of it is a certain number which live in the fresh water (crayfish), and others which can carry out a terrestrial existence, in wet places.

Anatomy

See also: Anatomy of the décapodes

The décapodes are the highest Crustacé S in organization.

The décapodes usually have the head and the thoracic area welded in a common mass, or Céphalothorax, covered with a solid carapace and a great resistance.

Their carapace is very calcified.

Their thoracic appendices include/understand three pairs of maxillipedes, and only five pairs of locomotor legs. Of these last the name from the décapodes is drawn. The appendicular Formule is (2+1+2) + (3+5) + 6. It is the type best balanced.

The Branchie S are carried by the thoracic and protected legs, on each side of the body, by a fold of the carapace delimiting a room branchiale . Special parts of the members ensure a water circulation it.

The stomach comprises an apparatus masticator ( gastric mill ) trained of very mobile chitinous parts.

The arterial system is well developed.

The nervous system is more or less condensed, and sometimes reduced, as in crab, with only one thoracic mass attached to the cerebroid ganglia.

The eyes are stalks and very mobiles in all directions. The décapodes are podophtalmes.

The abdomen can be very long, like the Homard S, or very short, as at the oil cake X.

The larva characteristic of the décapode and much of shellfish is the nauplius.

Systematic

Place des décapodes in the animal kingdom

Classification

The Décapodes represent a order Crustacé S of the class Malacostraca. Of the décapodes was created by Pierre André Latreille (1762-1833) in 1802.

One traditionally divides them into Macroures, with very developed abdomen, like the crayfish, the Homard and the Langouste; and Brachyure S, with short abdomen and often folded up under the Thorax, like the crab-oil cake.

They are divided into two sub-orders according to the morphology of the gills:

Packsaddlled Dendrobranchiata, 1888
Pleocyemata Burkenroad, 1963

and a kind of dubious classification: Charassocarcinus Van Straelen, 1925

Previously, they were classified in two sub-orders called Natantia, or décapodes swimmers, and Reptantia, or décapodes walkers.

Sub-order Dendrobranchiata

Super-family Penaeoidea

Benthesicymidae

Super-family Sergestoidea

Luciferidae

Sergestidae

Sub-order Pleocyemata

Infra-order Anomura

Super-family Galatheoidea

Lomisoidea

Super-family Astacoidea

Enoplometopoidea

Glypheoidea

Infra-order Brachyura

Super-family Bellioidea

Bythograeoidea

Calappoidea

Cryptochiroidea

Cyclodorippoidea

Dorippoidea

Dromioidea

Gecarcinucoidea

Homolodromioidea

Homoloidea

Hymenosomatoidea

Leucosioidea

Parthenopoidea

Pinnotheroidea

Potamoidea

Pseudothelphusoidea

Raninoidea

Retroplumoidea

Xanthoidea

Infra-order Caridea

Super-family Alpheoidea

Campylonotoidea

Galatheacaridoidea

Nematocarcinoidea

Oplophoroidea

Pasiphaeoidea

Physetocaridoidea

Procaridoidea

Processoidea

Psalidopodoidea

Stylodactyloidea

Infra-order Palinura

Super-family Eryonoidea

Infra-order Stenopodidea

Simple: Decapod Zh-min-nan: Cha̍p-kha-ba̍k

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