The mortality , or death rate , is the number of annual Décès brought back to the number of inhabitants of a given territory. It is distinguished from the morbidity : number of sick annual brought back to the population.

This index Statistique is used for the study of the Démographie, as well as the Natalité or the Fécondité. It depends on the age structure of the population, represented by the Population pyramid, which is affected by the demographic Vieillissement. One prefers to him death rates by age such as for example the infantile Death rate. One synthesizes the whole of death rates by ages with the Life expectancy. These data inform us about the general sanitary arrangements of a country and are sensitive to the epidemics.

By extension, it is the number of deaths which have occurred within a countable population of living organisms under conditions given and during one limited duration: operational mortality (many deaths brought back to the number of interventions of a given type), mortality of a disease (many fatal evolutions of the disease brought back to the number of patients reached by the disease), mortality of Bacterium S because of action of an Antibiotic , etc

Causes of mortality

The cardiovascular diseases represent the first cause of death in the world.

The infectious illness are responsible for 17 million death per annum, which represents a third of mortality. They represent 43  % of the deaths in the Country in the process of development, against 1  % in the industrialized countries; let us quote in particular the AIDS, the Paludisme and the Rougeole, the latter responsible for having died for approximately a million for children per annum.

The number of violent deaths (Homicide, Suicide, Accident S) varies much according to the countries and the times (war, dismantling of the State…) ; for example, in 2000, WHO recorded 221 violent deaths for 100  000 inhabitants in Russia (either 18  % of the deaths), 105 violent deaths for 100  000 inhabitants in Colombia (24  % of the deaths), and only 33 violent deaths for 100  000 inhabitants with the the United Kingdom (either 3  % of the deaths).

The the World Health Organization (WHO) defined ten risk factors, which represent the majority of the causes of death. These factors are:

• the Malnutrition: more than 3 million death of children in the Country in the process of development (1,8 million in Africa and 1,2 million in Asia), that is to say 60  % of the deaths of children, and 170 million children have an insufficient weight
• the dangerous sexual practices (i.e., without condom): 2,9 million deaths; 40 million people is infected by HIV (AIDS), primarily because of dangerous sexual practices (99  % of the infections in Africa, 94  % in Central America and 13  % in Eastern Asia)
• arterial hypertension: 7 million death per annum
• nicotinism: 5 million death per annum
• alcoholism: 1,8 million death per annum
• the use of non-drinking water and the defect of cleansing and hygiene: 1,7 million deaths, primarily by diarrhetic diseases
• the iron deficiency: 2 million people suffers from it, and that causes 1 million death per annum
• the smoking of the dwellings by solid fuels: these Fumée S causes 36  % of the infections of the respiratory Tracts lower, and 22  % of the obstructive chronic broncho-pneumonopathies
• hypercholesterolemy: 4 million death per annum
• the Obesity: a billion adults have an overweight, including 300 million obese.

Statistics in France

In France, one counted 900 deaths for 100  000 inhabitants in 2006, with a 77 years life expectancy of for the men and 84 years for the women (see the article HTTP: /www.invs.sante.fr/display/?doc=beh/2007/35_36/index.htm). A quarter of the deaths take place before the 65 years age.

The first causes of mortality are

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