Deaf velar fricative consonant

The deaf velar fricative consonant is a rather frequent consonant sound in the spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is. This symbol is that of the Latin letter X lower-case.

According to the languages, it can be full, labialized, éjectif, éjectif labialized, semi-labialized, strongly labialized, etc

Characteristics

Here characteristics of the deaf velar fricative consonant:

Its mode of articulation is fricative, which means that it is produced by contracting the air through a narrow gauge railway at the joint, causing turbulence.
Its joint is velar, which means that it is articulated the former part of the language (the dorsum) against the soft palate (or velum).
Its phonation is deaf, which means that it is produced without the vibration of the vocal cords.
It is a oral Consonne, which means that the air does not escape that by the mouth.
It is a central Consonne, which means that it is produced by letting the air pass above the medium of the language, rather than by the sides.
Its mechanism of draft is égressif pulmonary, which means that it is articulated by pushing the air by the lungs and through the channel vocatoire, rather than by the glottis or the mouth.

In French

French does not have it. However, some local alternatives can pronounce it, like Allophone of /r/. In the loanwords (Juan Carlos, for example), it is generally marked {{APIb|[ʁ]}}.

Other languages

Several languages have the consonant. Let us mention the German (written CH ), the Dutch (written G or CH ), certain dialects Spanish S (written J ), the Géorgien (written ხ), the Armenian (Խ), the Esperanto (written ĥ ), etc

The English has also this sound in certain words of not-Germanic origin like log or chanukah . Let us note however that certain english-speaking do not manage to pronounce this sound and replace it by {{APIb|[K]}} or by {{APIb|[H]}}.

See too

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