Dauphine

Geography

The province of old Mode had as a limit, in north, the Rhone which separated it from the Bresse ( Bresse ) and of the Bugey ( Bugê ). To the east, the Savoy and the Piedmont came, and in the south the Comtat Venaissin and the Provence. The Western limit was marked by the the Rhone in the south of Lyon. The Dauphine one extended until the suburbs from Lyon. One divided it into Haut Dauphine (alpine) and Bas Dauphine or Dauphiné of the South (préalpes and average valley of the Rhone).

In the first, one distinguished:

the Grésivaudan,
the Royans,
the Champsaur,
the Trièves,
the Briançonnais,
the Queyras,
the Embrunais,
the Gapençais,
the Dévoluy,
the Vercors,
the Bochaine,
the Baronnies

In the second:

the Viennese,
the county of Valentinois with the town of Valence, annexed by Charles VI in 1404,
the county of the Diois, around the episcopal city of Die, also annexed in 1404,
the Tricastin
the Principality of Orange which was annexed to the Dauphine one, (in 1793 it was included/understood in the Département of Vaucluse).

It is necessary to add current Dauphiné Italian and Piedmontese which belonged to France and Briançonnais until 1713. The use of French was maintained there until the 20th century:

the valleys of Oulx,
the Pragela,
the Castelade of Châteaudauphin (Casteldelfino).

Grenoble was its capital as from the 13th century.

History

Antiquity and the Middle Ages

The Dauphine one was formerly occupied by the tribes Gallic are Allobroges, the Ségovellaunes, the Voconces and the Tricastins.

During the Middle Ages, it initially was an independent State, belonging to the Saint Germanic Roman Empire. Its sovereign carried then the title of dolphin Viennese. The last independent dolphin, Humbert II, without heir, sold his province to the king of France, Philippe VI, the March 30th 1349, by the Traité Novels (1349), skilfully negotiated by its protonotaire, Amblard de Beaumont.

At that time, Humbert II also carried the titles of “prince of the Briançonnais , duke of Champsaur, marquis of Cézanne, count de Vienne, of Albon, Grésivaudan, Embrun and Gapençais, baron palatine of the Tower, the Valbonne, Montauban and Mévouillon, which it also transmits to France.

To leave this time, the Dauphine one is reserved for the heir to the throne of France, which carried the title of Dolphin. The first French Dolphin was the grandson of Philippe VI, Charles of Normandy: the future Charles V Wise the.

Louis XI was the only Dolphin of France to be resided in its province and to control it. This period was in fact its school of the capacity.

Modern time

The Dauphine one was a stage and a military quartering on the road of Italy, where the claims of the French were done growing, as well as a hearth of Protestantism at the time of the wars of religion (1562-1598).

In 1562, the duke Emmanuel-Philibert took the weapons against the Calvinistes, which devastated the South of France and threatened its states. He named Charles of Forest, baron of Rumilly general lieutenant into Dauphine. With the head of a body of troops, this last fought François de Beaumont, baron of the Adrets, the most skilful chief and most sanguinary of the protesting party, but “fust killed the weapons in hands, under the walls of Vienna, in a meeting with the huguenocts the year 1565”.

In 1572, when the news of the Massacre of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre was spread, it caused new massacres in province (August-October 1572). The general lieutenant of the king Gordes protected the Protestants there.

The 18th century was one boom and of economic growth for the Dauphine one, whose middle-class, which collected the fruits of them, was with the head of the protest movement which leads to the Revolution. Indeed, on August 21st, 1787, the province was the first to claim the behavior of the general states. The deputies from the Dauphine Antoine Barnave and Jean-Joseph Mounier were important actors of the Revolution

Contemporary time

In 1790 the Dauphine one gave rise to 3 departments: the Isere, the Hautes-Alpes and the Drome whose chief towns are respectively Grenoble, Gap and Valence.

During the Second world war, the alpine character of the area allowed the constitution of strong foundations for the Résistance, in particular in the solid mass of the Vercors.

Currency

“Dauphine ahead”

Gastronomy

the Dauphine one is famous for certain culinary specialities:

the Gratin Dauphinois
the Pogne
the Saint-Marcellin cheese
the Saint-félicien (at the origin goat's milk cheese ardéchois whose name was deposited for a cheese of cow from the Dauphine).
the Picodon
the Ravioles of Dauphine the
the Blue of Vercors-Sassenage (before blue of Sassenage).
the Nougat of Montélimar
the Pétafine

… and for its products of the soil:

the défarde crestoise
the Petrel of Chabeuil
the nut of Grenoble (in fact of all the valley of Isere)
the lamb of Savournon
the Slopes of Tricastin
the Pale of Die
the Chartreuse (green, yellow, etc…)
the Crozes-hermitage
the hermitage

Other significances

the Dauphine one released is a daily newspaper whose seat is in Grenoble, and who is diffused in all the Rhone-Alps and in the north of the area Provence-Alp-Coast of Azure.

See too

From the Dauphine.
Seven wonders of Dauphine the

Economy: to see Carboniferous Dauphine

External bonds

representatives of the people on mission in the Dauphine one during the Revolution

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