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Sima Qian (Chinese traditional: zh-Hant 司馬遷, simplified: Zh-Hans 司马迁, Pinyin: Sīmǎ Qiān) (145 av. J. - C. - 86 av. J. - C.) is a Chinese historian, the first to have tried to describe the Histoire of China since its creation. All the Chinese imperial historians took as a starting point its work thereafter.

He lived under the reign of the emperor Wudi (141 av. J. - C. - 87 av. J. - C.) and his father, Sima Tan (zh-Hant 司馬談/zh-Hans 司马谈, Sīmǎ Tán) was annalist of the court, charges halfway between that with an astrologer and that with an annalist, who consisted in noting as much the celestial phenomena and their influence that the human events. The family of Sima Qian settled in Maoling, in the surroundings of the capital Chang' year.

Sima Qian was of a great intelligence and arrived already at reading the old books as of the ten years age. At twenty years, it supplemented its education while travelling in various provinces such as those of the Jiangsu, of the Anhui, the Zhejiang, the Hunan and the Henan. Later, he worked for the government by in particular carrying out a mission of inspection in the area of the current town of Kunming (province of Yunnan), lately conquered by the imperial forces. Its functions also enabled him to accomplish several voyages to the four corners of the empire, except for some zones considered cruel at the time, as the provinces of Fujian and Guangdong. In 107 av. J. - C., after a three years mourning, Sima Qian succeeded the post of analyst of its late father what gives him access to the royal archives. It could thus continue the ambitious work undertaken before by his father, i.e. a book telling all the history of China.

Sima Qian started to write in 104 av. J. - C. Cependant, in 99 av. J. - C., after having caused the anger of the emperor Wu Di while pleading for Li Ling, a marked officer of treason, it was condemned to be castrated or carried out. At that time, castrated being meant the infamy and much of Chinese would have preferred to die rather than to live similar dishonor. Sima Qian however chooses to remain in life to complete its work and to thus hold the made promise with his/her father. It completed in 104 av. J. - C. its Historical Mémoires . Amnestied in 96 av. J. - C., the emperor took it as private secretary, station reserved for the eunuques ones.

Its principal work is the Shiji (zh-Hant 史記/zh-Hans 史记, Shǐjì ) which comprises many biographies, of which that of Confucius, and who goes up until legendary times of the Sanhuangwudi, that Sima Qian seems to regard as veracious.

See too

famous Historians

Zh-classical: 司馬遷 Zh-yue: 司馬遷

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