Data-processing network

See also: Data-processing Network,

A data-processing network is a whole of Ordinateur S connected to each other to exchange information. By analogy with a Net (a network is “small snares”, i.e. a small net), one calls node (node) the end of a connection, which can be an intersection of several connections (a computer, a Routeur, a Concentrateur, a switch).

Independently of subjacent technology, one generally carries a matric sight on what is a network. In a horizontal way , a network is a layer of three layers: the Infrastructure S, functions of control and operation, the services rendered to the user. In a vertical way , one often uses a geographical cutting: Lan, network of access and interconnected network.

Infrastructures

The infrastructures or supports can be on cable S in which circulate of the electrical signals, the atmosphere (or the space vacuum) where circulate of the waves radio, or of the fiberoptics which propagate light waves. They make it possible to connect “physically” equipment ensuring the interconnection of the average physiques and the protocols. The equipment of network is connected directly or not between them, in accordance with some known standard organizations under the name of Topology network. The principal types of telegraphic networks are:

Several standards define the procedure of the terrestrial networks, such as for example the standard WiFi.

CPL (Powerline communications) make it possible as for them to transport flows of information on a local electrical communication.

Protocols and services

The communication protocols make it possible to define in a standardized way the way in which information is exchanged between the equipment of the network: they are procedures which control flow of information between two equipment. Application softwares which manage these protocols are installed on the equipment of interconnection like the switches network, the Routeur S, the telephone switches, the antennas GSM, etc the functions of control can be assured by protocols indication or tables of Routage.

The services are based on the protocols to provide, for example:

  • of the transfers of texts (SMS…)
  • or of data (Internet…),
  • of the voice communications (telephone…),
  • or of diffusions of images (tele…).

Sub-network

A network can be made up of networks, one speaks then about sub-network. In protocol IP the members of same under network have the same identifier of network, calculable starting from address IP and of the mask of under network. The use of an architecture including/understanding of the sub-networks allows an easier management of the information technology infrastructure (a sub-network by service or room, for example) or a selective broadcast

Geographical cutting

The data-processing networks are classified according to their range:

  • the personal network (SIDE) connects personal electronic devices;
  • the Lan (LAN) connects the computers or telephones located in the same part or the same building;
  • the underground railway network (MAN) is a network on a city scale;
  • the Wide area network (WAN) is a network with large scales which connects several sites or of the computers of the whole world

Functional cutting

A network can be classified according to its use and of the services which it offers. This cutting also recuts the concept of scale. Thus, for the networks using technologies Internet (family of the protocols TCP/IP), the nomenclature is the following one:

  • Intranet: the internal network of an organisational entity
  • Extranet: the external network of an organisational entity
  • Internet: the mother of all networks inter-connected on the scale of the planet

Categories of data-processing network

There exist several ways of categorizing a Data-processing network.

The data-processing networks can be categorized in term of wide:

The data-processing networks can also be categorized by functional relation between the components:

  • Customer-server
  • Architecture multi-third
  • Peer-to-peer ( P2P or Station at station )

They can also be categorized by Topology network:

The data-processing networks can be implemented by using several piles of protocols, or with combinations of media and layers of protocol S. a list of the existing protocols is available to Communication protocol and IEEE 802.

Prone related:

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