Darul Islam

Darul Islam (of the Arab Dar Al-Islam , دارالإسلام, literally " house of the paix") of a political movement Indonesia N is the name which, of 1949 in 1963, wanted to impose by the force an Islamic state in Indonesia ( Negara Islam Indonesia ). It is also known under initials DI/TII ( Tentara Islam Indonesia or " Islamic army of Indonésie").

August 7th 1949 Kartosuwirjo, one of the chiefs of Hizbullah, one of the many groups of pemuda (" jeunes") born in the wake from the proclamation of the independence of Indonesia in 1945, proclaims in the west of Java the creation of a " state islamique". Kartosuwirjo belonged to the isolated Moslem elements of the Armée indonésienne which were opposed to a compromise with the Dutchmen. Indonesia was then still in armed conflict and diplomatic with the old colonial power.

The conflict ends with the transfer of sovereignty on December 27th, 1949. Indonesia begins the demobilization of many units which had fought the Dutchmen. In 1951 in the southern of Célèbes a lieutenant-colonel, Kahar Muzzakar, refuse this demobilization and take the maquis. The following year, it joined Darul Islam formally, thus extending the movement out of its hearth west-Javanese. In 1953 it is with the turn of Daud Beureueh, directing Persatuan Ulama -Aceh (" union of the Ouléma S of Aceh ") to join the islamist rebellion.

Daud Beureueh signs a cease-fire in 1957 and starts negotiations with the government indonésien to find a solution with the claims of Aceh. Aceh receives the statute of daerah istimewa (" territory spécial") in 1959 granting to him autonomy in the field of the religion, the habit and education.

Disappointed result of the elections of 1955, the first in the history of Indonesia, which had put it in 3rd position behind PNI soekarnist and the large Muslim organization Nahdlatul Ulama, the Moslem party Masyumi approaches Darul Islam.

In 1957, another rebellion bursts in the northern of Célèbes, Permesta ( Piagam Perjuangan Semesta or " charter for a fight universelle"), hostile with the project of " democracy dirigée" of Soekarno, which wishes to put an end to the parliamentary democracy. In 1958, it is the insurrection of the PRRI (" revolutionary government of the Republic of Indonésie") with Western Sumatra, which requires the return to the constitution of 1945. The two movements are combined, reason for which the historians of Indonésien speak about the " PRRI-Permesta". The rebellion ends in 1961.

The army can from now on concentrate on the fight against Darul Islam. The men of Kartosuwirjo and Kahar Muzzakar deposit in their turn the weapons, but their chiefs refuse to go. Kartosuwirjo is stopped and carried out in 1962. Kahar Muzzakar is finally killed in 1965. The islamist rebellion is crushed.

Context

In June 1945, whereas Indonesia is still under Japanese occupation, " nationalist " and the Moslem political directors agree on a compromise in the form of the " Charter of Jakarta " ( Piagam Jakarta ), which amongst other things lays out that in the future State indonésien, the Moslems will have obligation to observe the Sharia H Moslem woman. This text was to constitute the preamble to the future constitution indonésienne. When this one is written, more no mention is made Islam nor of the shariah.

Certain Moslem mediums continue to feel this omission like a treason. In 2002, the Moslem parties represented with the National Assembly indonésienne proposed an amendment with the constitution introducing the shariah into this one. The project was rejected by the whole of the other parties. The parties claiming Islam account for only approximately 20% of the votes.

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