Daniel Defoe , of his true name Daniel Foe , was an adventurer, a tradesman, a political agent and a British writer , born the October 10th 1660 with Stoke Newington (close to London), dead the April 21st 1731 with Ropemaker' S Alley, Moorfields (close to London). He is the author of Robinson Crusoé .
Biography
Its family was originating in the Flandres. Its father, James, which held a shop of candles in the popular quarters of Cripplegate, was Protestant which was with the variation of the Puritain S. It entrusted the education of his/her son to the reverend Charles Morton, which directed a deprived institution in Newington Green, close to London.Pulled by its taste for the policy and the literature, it was hardly occupied but to write. Belonging to the party of the Whig S and Nonconformist, it fought in several virulent lampoons the unpopular government of Jacques II of England, and prepared of all its capacity the revolution of 1688. He enjoys some favor near William of Orange, and obtained lucrative employment then. He proposes with Robert Harley, count d' Oxford and announcer of the Communes, a project of secret services, the outline of an political police which would give to the government a state of the public opinion.
But under the less liberal reign of the queen Anne, he was condemned in 1704 to the pilori and the prison to have written against the intolerance of the church Anglican. He published his prison a Revue , work periodic which had a great flow, 1704 - 1713. Returned to freedom, Harley sends Defoe in all the country during the summer 1704 pennies the pseudonym of Alexander Goldsmith. Two years later, same Harley entrusts the capital task to him to work with the union of the Scotland and the England. It is a question of going to Edinburgh to prepare the negotiations for the union of the English and Scottish members of Parliament. Defoe, presbytérien like much of Scot, quickly becomes a “friend of the Scotland” and succeeds in this mission. Other missions will be entrusted to him thereafter as a secret agent. It will organize the successful infiltration of the jacobites, the partisans of Stuart, who conspire for the restoration of this house. It is him also which will inform in 1717 the Townshend minister of the imminence of an insurrection in which Sweden is implied. But of the lampoons having attracted disgrace again to him, it was disgusted of the policy and did not deal any more but with literature
Its famous novel, that some say being the first in English Robinson Crusoé (1719), tells the survival of a shipwrecked man on a deserted island. It would have taken as a starting point the adventure of Alexandre Selkirk a Scottish sailor unloaded in the uninhabited island of Mas by will tierra (Archipel Juan Fernandez) where it survived of 1704 1709.
It published in the fifteen last years of its life several extremely original works which obtained for the majority much success: the Teacher of family, 1715, which had a score of editions; the Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoé , 1719; the Life of the captain Singleton ; History of Duncan Campbell , - of Moll Flanders , - colonel Jack , - of Roxane ; Memories of a rider , 1720 - 1724; political History of the Devil , 1726; System of magic , 1729.
Defoe wrote an account on large the Peste of 1665 with London Journal of the Year of the plague (1720), Mémoire of a rider and a picaresque history Moll Flanders (1722) on the fall and possible redemption of a woman alone in England of the XVIIe century. It seems a prostitute, bigamist and robber, making the inceste but manages to keep the sympathy of the reader. A comparable character east depicts in Roxana, the happy mistress .
Robinson Crusoé was translated in all the languages; the first French translation, by Thémiseul of Saint-Hyacinthe and Justus van Effen, appeared as of 1720; one of most faithful is that of Mrs. Amable Tastu in 1833.
Works
The writer is with the image of the man, complex and various. He was in turn: poet, satrist, essayste, journalist. Works which it alias published under various: Mercator, Cn Singleton, etc- Tests on various projects - Year Essay upon Projects, 1695? or 1697? : very advances some over its time, it preached there the education “of the women and the girls”;
- the English quite born, lampoon - The True-born Englishman, 1701;
- The History off the Kentish Petition, 1701;
- the shortest way of entering in dissidence - The Shortest Way with the Dissenters, 1702;
- the Anthem with the pilori - Hymn to pilori, 1703;
- It founds the “Review” in 1704;
- History of the Union (makes the the United Kingdom of it) - History off the Union, 1709;
- Robinson Crusoé - The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures off Robinson Crusoe, off York, Mariner (Robinson Crusoe), 1719: life of a Scottish sailor Alexandre Selkirk, given up, in 1705, on a deserted island, Juan Fernández, off Chile (what had, at the time, caused in Great Britain a sharp indignation…) It will discover Friday there.
- Memories of a Rider - Memoirs off has Cavalier, 1720;
- Captain Singleton, 1720;
- Heurs and Malheurs of famous Moll Flanders, inspired by a historical character, Moll the cutting machine of purse - The Fortunes and Misfortunes off Moll Flanders (Moll Flanders), 1722? or 1724? ;
- Newspaper of the Year of the plague - has Newspaper off the Plague Year, 1722;
- Colonel Jack, 1722;
- Roxane Lady or the Happy Trollop, Roxana, 1724: history of adventurous of main road;
- has off Turn Through the Whole Island Great Britain, 1724 - 1727;
- general History of the most famous pirates - has General History off the Pirates, 1724 - 1728, in which it makes a complete account of the Republic of Libertalia;
- The Supplements English Tradesman, 1725 - 1727.
- Robinson Crusoé, illustrated editions:
External bonds
- Biblioweb
- works of Daniel Defoe in full text, on “Ebooks free and free”
- Novels of Daniel Defoe in English
Sources
- Yves Bonnet, Secret Signal. 50 plus beautiful stories of espionage , Timée-Editions
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