Dairy Quota in Europe
Presentation
The mode of the dairy quotas is a policy installation in the European Union, within the framework of the common Agricultural policy, starting from 1984 to limit and stabilize the production Lait ière (cow's milk). The purpose of it was to stop the growth continues dairy production and to gradually bring back it to the level domestic consumption and not subsidized exports. For the first year of application the total quantity of milk produced to the level of the Union (which counted at the time 10 members) was to be fixed at 103,7 million tons, that is to say a reduction of 3,5% compared to the previous year.
Consumption interns was evaluated for the same year to 94,9 million tons. This policy, which underwent several adjustments with the passing of years, made it possible to decrease in a very significant way the Community expenditure related to the sector of milk so much for storage of intervention, which for the export refunds and the assistances with internal consumption.
This policy was initially disputed by the farmers, in particular in France, who defend this regulating principle now.
The principle of the quotas was maintained until 2015, however their disappearance after this date is currently considered by the Commission.
Operation
Each country profits from a national reference of production, which is distributed between the producers. If the producers exceed this reference, they must pay the additional taking away or dairy penalty, is a tax of 0,3426 € per surplus liter of milk. From marketing year 2004/2005, this penalty was re-examined with the fall following the Luxembourg agreement taken in June 2003. The additional taking away is currently governed by payment (EC) 1788/2003.
The reference (or quota) available to each producer is distributed between a reference " livraisons" , when the producer sells his milk with a dairy, and a reference " sales directes" , when the producer sells his production directly to the consumers.
A producer can have a reference to the title of one or the other of these two activities, or for both at the same time.
The reference " livraison" producers is managed by the company or the Coopérative whose producer is adherent. It is this structure which is controlled under the additional taking away. The reference " sales directes" is managed by the office of the breeding, public corporation in particular in charge of the administration of the dairy quotas in France.
The situation of the dairy breeding in France
In 2004, it remained 103.922 dairy exploitations in France (against 148.247 in 1995, is a fall of 30% in ten years). The average reference of production was of 218.529 liters per annum (against 152.170 in 1995, that is to say 43,6% of more). This average reference, because of increase in the size of the exploitations, increases approximately 9.000 liters per annum. 200.000 liters of annual production correspond approximately to the production of a herd of 25 dairy (Prim' Holstein) approximately.
Dairy assessment of the EU
In 2005, the European production of Lait of cow was of 132 million tons of equivalent-milk, that is to say 128 billion liters of milk. The imports accounted for 3 MT is 2,2%. For the same period, consumption is established to 122 MT and exports with 14 MT. The balance is represented by public stocks.
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