Défécation

Physiology

In normal weather, the defecation is voluntary and requires an action conscious of opening of the anal Sphincter . However, an involuntary defecation can occur, for example in the event of strong emotion, or of psychomotor disorders.

The control of the defecation, therefore sphincters, mark one of the stages of the evolution of the Child: this one becomes “clean”, it does not need more layers, and can be provided education for. Because of strong symbolic range of this stage of accession to maturity, the psychoanalysts named this stage the anal Stade.

Practices and cultures

According to the cultures, there exist various practices compared to the position of defecation, with anal cleaning and the handling of the excrements

Position

There exist mainly two positions for the defecation: sat and squatted. The sitting position consists in resting its Fesse S on a seat generally designed to this end (on Toilette S), but sometimes on a simple concrete block pierced with a hole in rudimentary Latrine S public. This position is widespread in the Western countries (Europe, North America), in central South America and , and tends to spread during the adoption of toilets with Chasse of water.

The squatted position consists in being pressed on its feet, the back of the thighs resting on the calves; the rectum is positioned with low. This position is caught naturally during a defecation in the open air, because it is hard, even painful, to be held “sitted” in the absence of seat (strongly requests the Abdominaux). The position squatted with the advantage of allowing a better evacuation of the excrements, but culturally has sometimes a negative connotation, associated with a “lower” practice. It remains however the most current position in many countries of Asia (in particular in the Indian Sous-continent and in Southeast Asia) and in sub-Saharan Africa, as in the places where technology is insufficient, as in the not very accessible Bidonville S and rural areas.

To change position is an often difficult act, and some Tabou S are associated with this hand: for example, one should not eat with the left hand, but only the line; in the same way to tighten the hand of a person met, etc

Lastly, following what is available on the spot, other materials are used, in particular in the reduced to poverty rural areas and perish-urban zones; they can be sufficiently smooth stones, sheets, ears of Maïs, balls of ground, newspaper, of branches, etc These objects are bulkier and can block the sewer or too quickly fill a pit with Latrine; they must thus be collected separately.

Contrary to many generally accepted ideas, the use of water during anal cleaning has the advantage of better eliminating the feces. This method is thus more hygienic insofar as it is, then, possible to wash the hands or if one has one of these small jets which deliver a water fraiche and under pressure.

Fécophile attitudes and fécophobe

The various cultures are also distinguished according to the way in which the excrements are perceived or handled, which can be distinguished like attitudes “fécophile” or “fécophobe”

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