Cyborg is a word of English origin , contraction of “cybernetic organism” (organization Cybernétique).

Principle and Origin

The Cybernétique being the exclusive study of the exchanges, an organization could be qualified of cybernetics if it carries out an effective exchange for a given task.

Norbert Wiener uses in 1950 the metaphor of a robot communicating like human in its cybernetic work and company (which tries to popularize the principles of the Cybernétique that it formalized in 1948).

The same year, Isaac Asimov publishes I, Robot and poses the basic principles of the advanced robot/human exchange in Science-fiction. It is still not question of Cyborg , and the concept will appear charged with the fears of the time, deviating appreciably of the initial direction of exchange to go towards that more worrying of substitution (where the machine invades the human one more than it does not exchange with him).

The term “cyborg” was popularized by Manfred E. Clynes and Nathan S. Kline in 1960 which referred to the concept of human “improved” which could survive in extraterrestrial environments. This concept is the result of a reflection on the need for a close relation between the human one and the machine, per hour of the beginnings of space exploration.

Representation

The cyborg is fusion to be it organic and of the machine. First of all creature of Science fiction, the cyborg would be, according to certain, right now a reality. A person having a Cardiac pacemaker or an artificial hip, for example, can already correspond to this definition.

Cyborgs in art

Some books

• Which? , of Algis Budrys
• the Last of its species , of Andreas Eschbach
• the Vessel which sang , of Anne McCaffrey
• Man-more , of Frederik Pohl
• Eyes of Heisenberg , of Frank Herbert
• Cyborg , of Martin Caidin (at the base of the Man which was worth three billion )
• Jours of Blood , of Xavier Delgado

Some films

• Robocop (the series of films)

• Terminator (all the series of films)
• Cyborg (with Jean-Claude Vandamme)
• the steel Warrior (with Mario Van Peebles)
• howling Planet (with Peter Weller)
• Blade Runner (with Harrison Ford)

A few televised series

• the Man who was worth three billion (created by Kenneth Johnson, first diffusion in 1974)

• the Borg are a recurring species of cyborgs of the universe of Star Trek.
• Jake, hero of Jake 2.0, can also be regarded as a cyborg

Some mangas/animated

• Dragon Ball (manga of Akira Toriyama)

• Eight Man (inspiration for Robocop )
• Ghost in the Shell (Manga of Masamune Shirow, adapted in 2 films and series a 2 seasons by Mamoru Oshii)
• Gunnm (manga of Yukito Kishiro, beginning of publication 1991, adapted in animation)
• Cyber City Oedo 808 , series animated in 3 episodes of the years 1990
• Armitage III , cartoon film of the years 1990
• AD Organizes, mini-series animated
• the Caste of the Méta-Barons, Cartoon of Gimenez and Jodorowsky

See too

Related articles

• Androïde

• Biomécatronique

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