Cut (arboriculture)

The size is an operation practiced on the plants woody or not, intended to direct the growth ( size of working ), to control fructification ( size of fructification ), or to limit the foliar cover ( size in green ) to support the maturation of the fruits, for example. The more important the size is, the more the tree reacts by the vigorous development of branches to wood to the detriment of the setting to fruit.

Types of sizes

There exist various types of sizes. Here more benign with most severe:

Débourgeonnage : removal of the buds in order to control the branches which will surviveront. It is the most benign way of controlling the shape of a tree or a shrub. By removing the final buds on a branch, one prevents the growth of this one and if all the buds are removed, the branch will possibly decay and fall from itself;
* Removal of the flowers : for the small shrubs like the Lilac, one can remove the faded flowers and the grains associated. As for the débourgeonnage, one always supports the branches in production;
* Formatted : in topiary Art or to form Bonsai, one cuts shrubs landscapes to give them a particular form. The final buds are thus removed;
Selective cut : removal of an important part the length of the branches to leave only the parts of the very active buds. This method is used on particular trees or shrubs, like the fruit trees, to stimulate the growth of the younger branches which produce more flowers;
pruning : a more radical form of size consists has to remove whole branches to revitalize the tree. One removes the most mature, weak or problematic branches then. Correctly made, thinning encourages the formation of new branches and encourages the production of flowers and fruits.
pruning : removal of almost all branches to leave only a few grosses or even only the trunk. Very dangerous for the tree, it can carry out, so badly made, with its death.

Cut of working

In Arboriculture, the harmonious development of the trees and shrubs are controlled and controlled by the removal of the branches and branches badly located, sometimes supplemented deformation of the young still flexible branches (Palmette S Verrier for example) either to mitigate an unbalanced form, or to obtain a particular form, as well with an esthetic aim as productive.

The Fruit trees often undergo a size of working, either to facilitate the farming operations (facility of ploughings, treatments, of gathering), or to decrease the sensitivity to the frosts.

Cut fructification

In fruit-bearing Arboriculture, fructification either is limited with an aim of obtaining fruits of important gauges, or stimulated to obtain a satisfactory production, by practices of size. Each species, even each variety, obey clean principles, and one distinguishes two principal categories of fruit trees: those which bear fruits on old branches such as the Poirier S, for which size of a given branch is an operation which gives tangible results afterwards only several years, and those which bear fruits on branches of the previous year, such as the Pêcher S, for which one acts only for the production of the year to come, but by respecting the potential of development of the trees, because the latent buds of those lose in a few years faculty to develop (cancellation of the eyes).

The size of fructification can be supplemented of deformation of branches (Arcure), intended to accelerate the evolution of the buds of eyes with fruits.

Cut vine

The Vigne is a plant whose size is very important, and is distinguished from the other plants by the variety of the methods and the number of the operations. The size of working is intended to position the production in height. Each vineyard has its optimal form, guided by the climate, making it possible to resist the late frosts, with the effects of the sun, the causes of drying, or contrary to avoiding constant moisture favourable with the diseases. The size of fructification is adapted to the strength of each Cépage, and cuts it in green is often practiced so that the bunches are exposed to the solar rays, and permanently do not remain wet.

Methods

The technique of the size is very simple: one cuts the useless branches, almost exclusively with the shears. The size is practiced mainly the winter and touches only wood ripened of the previous year. Exceptionally robust branches, especially if they result from a preceding size evil realized, can be crossed with a saw: in this case, the cicatrization will be more difficult and must be facilitated by specific care (cementing). The more important operations on branches charpentières leave the framework of the size and take part of the pruning. The most favourable period is the end of the winter, the wounds of size remaining thus less longer exposed to the bad weather and the infectious agents which they convey, but the size in green, is practiced at the beginning of the summer, without specific precautions because it touches normally only not lignified bodies (green).

See too

Climbing-arboriste
Type of vine

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