Cumes

Cumes is the second Greek colony of the founded Magna Graecia to the VIII E by the Greek of the colony of Pithécusses (current island of Ischia inhabited by Chaldiciens of the island of Eubée).

Presentation

It is only once the colony of Pithécusses ensured of its safety that part of the population came to be established on the dry land. A flourishing trade developed with the Lucaniens, people italiote coming from the interior of the grounds. The Lucaniens sold Etruscan goldsmithery while the Greek exchanged Céramique S and jewel X originating in Greek cities in the Eastern Mediterranean .

The archaeological park of Cumes includes/understands on the one hand the acropolis where are located the zone crowned with the temples of Zeus and of Apollon and on the other hand the cave of Sybille and terms located below the site. The port of Cumes seems to be located in the lagunaire part of the site.

The Greeks of Cumes built two temples dedicated to Zeus and Hermes reconverted in Basilique S Paléochrétien born at the 4th century. The temple of Zeus is at the top of the Acropole where one reaches by the crowned Voie.

Cumes was indicated Paleopolis (“old city”) after its prosperity allowed part of its population combined to exiled Samos the construction of Dicéarchie in -531 (future Pouzzoles) and especially of Neapolis (“new city”). These foundations were led by the Sibylle of Cumes, Aristodemos it Malasio, Hermaphrodite represented Métaphorique lies by the siren Parthénopè, which became in -475, the first Reine of future the Naples.

Important dates

In -524 and -504, the troops of Cumes placed under the command of Aristodémos demolish the Etruscan S by twice.

In 474, the fleets of Cumes and Syracuse under the direction of Hiéron of Syracuse put in Etruscan rout the at broad of Cumes. This defeat rings the knell of the Etruscan dynamism of the cities S Southerners. After the foundation of a station advanced on Ischia by Hiéron, trade route with broad of the Campanie passes under the control of Syracuse.

In 338 , the city is subjected by Rome under the statute of civitas sine suffragio .

Important personalities

the Sibyl of Cumes, one of the 12 sibyls of the Greek world and one of most important. Cf Sibyl.
most famous of them, Aristodémos (better of the people) had been illustrated at the time of a battle in 524 against the Etruscan S. Following an other victory against the Etruscan S in -504 and with the head of an important popular movement it installed a Tyrannie and took the direction of Cumes before building Néapolis in -478 thanks to the refugees of Samos and with sands (Pouzzolane) of Dicéarchie.

Sources

Jean-Luc Lamboley, Greeks of Occident, the antiquated period. Sedes ED., 1996, (ISBN 2-7181-9344-1)
Pier Giovanni Guzzo, Magna Grecia. Greek colonies in ancient Italy, Gallimard, coll “Discovered”, 1997 (ISBN 2070534189)

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