Cuijk

Cuijk is chief town of the commune of the same name and an old city of the Netherlands of the province of the Brabant-Septentrional . Cuijk is located on left bank of the Meuse. Cuijk was the chief town of old the Pays of Cuijk . In 2006, the common one counts 24.272 inhabitants, including 16.999 in the Cuijk locality.

Beginnings, the name

There was prehistoric dwelling with the sites high on left bank of the Meuse, then the Gaulois occupied the site and the dwelling continued on arrival of the Romains, which arranged there a ford and later a bridge on the Meuse. The Gaulois named this place Keukja ( curve ) and according to the Table of Peutinger the Romains made Ceuclum of it. By recent excavations, the sites of the bridge and Roman Castellum were localized. The Romans remained almost 4 centuries with Ceuclum to keep this ford and this bridge, which was on the way which bound Tongres and Blerick to Nimègue.

Early middle ages

The dwelling was probabement without interruption, but of end IVe to Xe century, one neither of the archaeological data, nor of the data wrote direct. Since the owner of the parish is Saint Martin, and that this saint is very venerated towards 800, Cuijk is probably Christianisé towards 800. The religious capacity of Cuijk was rather wide, of Blerick until current the Wood-the-Duke.

Cuijk was by the division of the Kingdom of Charlemagne in the Lotharingie, which fell under the German kings and emperors. Cuijk was a Fief, pertaining to Xesiècle with the lords of Malsen , current the Geldermalsen.

Country of Cuijk

The first written mention is in an act of 1096. The lord of Malsen then bears the name Seigneur of Kuyc and one speaks about the Pays of Kuyc . The Country of Cuijk corresponded with the territory of the current communes of Cuijk, Grave, Mill, Sint Anthonis, Boxmeer. The family of Cuijk controlled of 1096 to approximately 1400.

During a conflict of the Lords of Cuijk with the counts of Holland in 1133, Florent the Black, brother of Thierry VI of Holland finds death. The emperor Lothaire II is annoyed some, he banishes the Lords of Cuijk, and orders the dismantling of the castle of Cuijk. After its death, the Lords of Cuijk revienntent and build worms a 1140 new castle, not in their Fief Cuijk, but in their Alleu Grave. Cuijk, become city, sells later its rights of city in Grave and turns over to the statute of village. One of most important Seigneurs of Cuijk is Jan I (Ca 1230 - 1308). Cuijk érígé a statue in its honor.

To XIVe century, the Country of Cuijk is annexed by the Duché of the Brabant and then sold in Willem de Gulik, duke of Gueldre. To XVe century the territory of Oeffelt, Boxmeer and Sint Anthonis passes to the Duché of Clèves in the part remained to Gueldre turns over a little later to the Duché of the Brabant. In XVIe century, during the War Eighty Year old, this party of the Country of Cuijk falls under the capacity from the State-generals from the Republic from the Seven United Provinces which seizes the Catholic churches to give them to the Protestants. That lasts up to 1795, when under the Batavian République the Country of Cuijk is placed in the province of the Brabant-Septentrional .

The parish

Cuijk was rather early a large parish, dessevant several villages with the surroundings. The church was devoted to Saint Martin. The guild Saint Antoine and Holy Martin was founded before 1505. This guild dealt with the poor of the parish and the defense of the village. After the Peace of Munster, 1648, this church is seized by the Protestants. The catholics went initially to a barn-church to Oeffelt, locality belonging to the Duché of Clèves, and later one tolerated a barn-church with Cuijk. About 1800, after the Revolution and during the French occupation, one gave again the Martin Saint with the catholqiues. One bought in 1803 in the area of Liege a beautiful organ of 1650 of the most famous organ builder of the area of Liege at the XVIIe century, Severijn (Maastricht, circa 1600-Liege 1673). The current church was built in 1911-1913. One transferred the organ to it, and one decorated it rather richly with stained glasses and paintings. For the Protestants, one built about 1809-1810 a small temple which always exists. Since end XXe Cuijk century has also a Turkish mosque and a Moroccan mosque.

The Commune

About 1814, with the formation of the communes of the young person Kingdom of the Netherlands, Cuijk forms with Sint Agatha the commune of Cuijk in Sint Agatha, which includes/understands also the agricultural colony Vianen, founded about 1770 for the poor of the parish. In 1942, Katwijk and Klein-Linden are attached to Cuijk in Sint Agatha. In 1994, the old communes of Haps and Beers (without Gassel which passes to the commune of Grave) are annexed by Cuijk in Sint Agatha, which on this occasion takes the name of common of Cuijk .

The mill

The mill Jan van Cuijk is located slightly at the variation of the center, just on the territory of Sint Agatha. This built circular brick mill was built in 1860 and bore the name Hagelkruidse molen. It was used for initially to pulverize the barks for the tanneries, then one professionally ground there corn until 1973 and maintaining the voluntary ones occupy themselves some.

Industrialized regional center

Cuijk does not have qu 2188 inhabitants when about 1851 it starts to be industrialized: tanneries, textile, furniture for churches. And of the cigars, of which most famous were the Victor Hugo . The railway line Nimègue - Roermond is open in 1883 and since 1900 plusieures new industries settle in Cuijk, in particular the milk factories Sint Maarten and Lacto, from which the Nutricia Company is resulting. In 1909, Cuijk was one of the first localities in the area to install a powerplant. However in 1940 Cuijk had yet only approximately 4600 inhabitants. After 1945, industrialization takes its take-off with slaughter-houses and other factories. This causes a strong growth of the population, 17.000 with the chief town of the commune. Several new districts developed: Valuwe , Padbroek and latest to date the district of Heeswijkse Kampen .

Gallery of images

Random links: