Cuasia

Marshal of the Francique * marhskalk , resulting from the Germanic commun run * markhaz “horse” and * skalkaz “servant”, literally: the servant in charge of the care of the horses.

This term very early indicated agents of the medieval royal capacity, in particular under its warlike aspect. The marshal, or the marshals, had like role to assist the Connétable in his functions, primarily the control of the war and the jurisdiction of the not of honor. In certain cases, as in France, marshals and constables were also in charge of the police force of main road, which gave birth at the end constabulary to indicate the gendarmerie.

Germany

Several ranks of marshals existed in the German history. The German empire knew the rank of Generalfeldmarschall (" general marshal of camp"), which was used by the Weimar Republic and the IIIe Reich. It was about the highest rank of the military hierarchy of the Armies and the air until in 1941 when Hermann Göring accepted the rank of Reichsmarschall (" Marshal of Reich" - not to confuse with the dignity of Reichserzmaschall which existed in the Germanic Roman Empire). One often indicates in French the rank of Generalfeldmarschall by the germanism Feld-maréchal.

The rank of " marshal of the Democratic republic allemande" ( Marschall der Deutsche Demokratische Republik ) of the popular army of the German Democratic republic was highest.

England

The dignity of count-marshal of England ( earl Marshall off England ) is one of the large offices of the crown. In the beginning the Lord marshal assisted the Lord large constable. After the obliteration of this one at the end of the the Middle Ages, the count-marshal remained with the head of the College off Arms in charge of all the questions with heraldic and genealogy. The title is carried in a hereditary way in the Fitzalan-Howard family, dukes of Norfolk, and ensures its carrier a seat with the House of Lords.

There also exists, in the British Army, a rank of Field Marshall (" marshal of camp") who corresponds to the highest rank of the military hierarchy. It is decreed more today only with family members royal. One often indicates it in French by the germanism Feld-maréchal.

In the Royal Air Force, the majority of the ranks of Air Officers (general officers of the Air) are composed starting from Marshall . One distinguishes, in hierarchical order growing, the Vice Air Marshall , the Air Marshall , the Air Chief Marshall and the Marshall off the Royal Air Force .

Austria

There existed in the Archiduché of Austria a dignity of marshal ( Marschall ), hereditary in the family of Starhemberg.

The rank of " marshal of camp" ( feldmarschall ) the top of the military hierarchy of the empire of Austria constituted, then of the Austria-Hungary.

Scotland

The role of the marshal of Scotland ( Marischal off Scotland ) was about similar to that of the marshal of England, but it did not preserve any more an effective role at the end of the Middle Ages. The title of Lord marshal then of count-marshal carried in a hereditary way in the Clan Keith was joined together with the crown after the revolt jacobite of 1715.

Worsen Roman Germanic

There existed in the Empire a large office of archimaréchal ( Erzmarschall ) transmitted in a hereditary way with the title of Electeur of Saxony. In addition to this large office one found in the house of the Emperor, a dignity of marshal ( Marschall ) transmitted in a hereditary way in the family of Pappenheim.

The United States

The title of " maréchal" ( Marshall ) is carried by several American agents of the maintenance of law and order. The United States Marshals are charged to apply the decisions of the federal courts of justice, to convoy the prisoners and to ensure the safety of the courts. In many territorial collectivities (cities or counties) the marshals are the policemen.

Finland

The dignity of " marshal of Finlande" ( Suomen marsalkka ), like the rank of " under-maréchal" ( sotamarsalkka ) were allotted only to Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, respectively in 1942 and 1933.

France

One distinguishes among the various French marshals:

the Marshals of France or of Empire, very military dignitaries
the brigadiers, general officers of the Old Mode
the marshal-of-home and marshal-of-home-chief, warrant officers of the weapons to horse (whose current gendarmerie, heiress of the units of constabulary which made the police force with horse, and arms it armor-cavalry). They correspond to the ranks of Sergent and Sergent-chef in the others ground weapons.

The family of Lévis-Mirepoix carries the title of “marshal of the Faith”. He goes back to the Albigensian Crusade at the 13th century. The function of marshal, managing the military businesses of the crossed army, was conferred to the lord Guy Ier de Lévis, who reduced it to his heirs.

Order of Malta

In the order of Hospital of Midsummer's Day, today known under the name of Order of Malta, the load of “large marshal” went to the pillar (regional commander) of the Language of Auvergne. It had in load all the military questions of the order and was the third character, after the large Master and the large commander. This office was removed with the Revolution when the confiscation of the goods of the order leads to the suppression de facto of the Language of Auvergne.

Poland

The dignity of " marshal of Pologne" ( Marszałek Polski ) is one of the more military great honors of the country. It was granted only to six recoveries, of which in 1922 with Ferdinand Foch, already Marshal of France and Field Marshall British.

Russia and Soviet Union

The rank of “general marshal of camp” (генерал-фельдмаршал) was created in 1700 in the Russian imperial army on the model of the Prussian army. It was abolished in 1917. It is often described in French by the germanism Feld-maréchal.

The rank of “marshal of the Soviet Union” (МаршалСоветскогоСоюза) was created in 1935 and constituted the top of the military hierarchy.

In 1943 the ranks of “marshal of weapon” (Маршалродавойск) and “marshal as a chief of weapon” (ГлавныйМаршалродавойск) were created. They were the second and third ranks the military hierarchy.

Yugoslavia

The rank of " marshal of Yougoslavie" ( Maršal Jugoslavije ) was the highest rank of the army of the popular republic of Yugoslavia. Only Josip Broz Tito was promoted with this rank.

For Marshal-shoeing (craftsman whose trade is to shoe the horses), to see Horseshoe

Random links:

Canton of Lembeye | Basilica Holy-Marie-Madeleine de Vézelay | Machine elements | Airén | AD Hominem (group)