The cryogenics is the study and the production of low the Température S (lower than -150 °C) with an aim of including/understanding the physical phenomena which appear there. It has very many applications in particular in the sectors food, medical, industrial, physical and of the breeding. Cryogenics opened many possibilities like:

• the conservation of food using Azote liquidates,
• the suspension of the Métabolisme,
• the study of the Supraconductivité (absence of electrical resistance),
• the study of the Superfluidité (absence of viscosity for a liquid),
• the transformation into a fine powder of all kinds of matters,
• the recovery of more than 90% of the destroying Gaz of the Couche of ozone,
• creation, starting from liquid nitrogen, of all kinds of Neige S.

Food cryogenics

Introduction

Food cryogenics consists of the food conservation by a very fast deep freezing leaving food in the state in which it was at the beginning, contrary to the traditional Congélation which causes the Déshydratation of surface and the formation of large crystals of ice in the product.

Detailed operation

The food is plunged in liquid nitrogen, the energy contained in the molecules of food passes in nitrogen and the food cools and solidifies very quickly because all the molecular movements and transformations are stopped. When food is heated, the liquid nitrogen evaporates and the molecules of food go back moving; the food is in the same state that in which it was before being frozen.

Technical operation

Food cryogenics uses 2 Isotope S (atom of a chemical element of which the core has same atomic number Z), the Helium-3 (rare) and the Helium-4.

When the temperature approaches the Absolute zero, the mixture spontaneously undergoes a phase of separation towards a form rich in helium-3 and a form low in helium-3 (?).

Generally, the cryogenic refrigerators function in a continuous cycle. Helium-3 is liquefied in a condenser which is connected to the rich helium-3 sectors. The He-3 atoms migrate through the poor He-3 shape, providing the power of cooling, then arrive in a distiller where they evaporate to start again a cycle.

The cryopreservation

Introduction

The purpose of the cryopreservation is to suspend the evolution of the cells and being able to give them moving thereafter. It is used to preserve the Sperme, fabrics and like last hope for people which cannot more be cured with the current medical techniques.

The Cryonie or the cryopreservation of human in is still at its beginnings and is seen by the scientists with much skepticism, even as a Pseudo-science because it is not yet possible to awake what one freezes: the cells and the bodies are damaged during the changes of temperature.

Indeed, of the microcrystals of ice are formed in the cells because of the water which they contain in them; during the phase of defrosting these crystals damage the cells, of which those of the brain, this is why one cannot awake the people in a state of damning up.

Operation

The cryopreservation functions like food cryogenics.

The Supraconductivity

Introduction

Supraconductivity is a phenomenon met in certain materials at very low temperatures. It is characterized by the complete absence of Electrical resistance and the cancellation of the Magnetic field inside material.

Utility

Supraconductivity makes it possible to create more powerful electromagnet S and with the very homogeneous magnetic field, it is used for the Medical imagery and the particle accelerator . But it is also used to store energy and to carry out the thermonuclear Fusion controlled (two atomic nuclei are assembled to form some larger).

The Superfluidity

Introduction

Superfluidity is a matter phase characterized by the complete absence of Viscosité. Thus, the superfluid ones, placed in a closed loop, can run indefinitely without friction and pass through holes as small as an atom, they defy gravity while going up along the walls of their container. The science which studies superfluidity calls “Quantum hydrodynamics”.

Utility

Superfluidity is used in the cryogenic refrigerators and like “solvent of quantum” in the spectroscopic techniques .

Cryo-crushing

Introduction

Cryo-crushing uses a cryogenic liquid (nitrogenizes liquid) to cool with precision materials until their Point of embrittlement in order to facilitate the mechanical reduction of it.

Operation

Initially, the matter is cut out in blocks of about 1  cm then it is introduced in the center of the crusher. Crushing is obtained by percussion and projection, between the mobile pieces of the Rotor turning with the fixed high speed and pieces. The matter is crushed gradually and the smoothness is controlled by a filtering crown. The adjustment of the smoothness of the product to be crushed is given by choosing the equipment of crushing, the number of revolutions of the rotor, the type and the perforations of the filtering crown.

Icing or cryogenic condensation

Introduction

The process of icing or cryogenic condensation is a cryogenic system of recovery of the made up organics volatile (COV) in flows Gaz them. It is particularly effective in the situations with weak concentration of Solvant.

Operation

Technology functions by direct contact with the liquid nitrogen which cools the solvent gas flow charged. The COV condense and freeze to form a snow which is then eliminated thanks to filters in Stainless steel. These filters are cleaned with regular intervals by reversed compressed gas jets which make fall snow at the bottom from the device. There, an electric heating dissolves it and the liquefied COV are evacuated. Technology uses one condenser and eliminates with effectiveness the COV to obtain very low concentrations without the assistance of a de-icer or a bed of Activated carbon.

Operation of the traditional system

The traditional system operates into semi-continuous with two condensers used alternatively. As the residue of COV which passes through the condenser can pose problem, much installations include a device of Dégivrage low tension or another technology of recovery of the COV in complement.

Cleaning by cryogenics

Principle

Cleaning by cryogenics is a revolutionary technique which pulverizes under pressure of the microphone-pellets of dry carbonic ice. The process of cryogenics is employed for the elimination of deposits and various residues (cement, tar, painting, oil, bituminize, ink, varnish, rubber) but also for the cleaning of production lines, electrical equipment box, radiators, electrical circuits and even of ventilators. Only some companies use this process to date.

Advantages

No effluent to be treated; Protected environment; No aggression of the support; Cleaning without trace of moisture; Reduction of the downtime; No related spending with the waste processings; Direct intervention on site; Spectacular outputs; Speed of execution

Summary

Cryogenics is the study and the production of the low temperatures (lower than -150 °C) with an aim of including/understanding the physical phenomena which appear there. It has very many applications in particular in the sector food, medical, industrial, physical and of the breeding. Cryogenics opened many possibilities.

The food cryogenics consists of the food conservation by a very fast Surgélation leaving food in the state in which it was front. To arrive at this result, it is necessary to plunge food in liquid nitrogen.

The purpose of the cryopreservation is to suspend the evolution of the cells and of being able to give them moving thereafter, It is used to preserve sperm, fabrics and like last hope for people not having more hope of cure with the current medical techniques. It functions as food cryogenics but it is more complex to apply, because the damage which the very low temperatures can involve is not a problem in food cryogenics but they must obligatorily be avoided for the cryopreservation.

The supraconductivity is a phenomenon met in certain materials at very low temperatures, it is characterized by the complete absence of electrical resistance and the cancellation of the magnetic field inside material. It is used for the medical imagery and the particle accelerators. It also makes it possible to store energy and to carry out controlled thermonuclear fusion.

The superfluidity is a matter phase characterized by the complete absence of viscosity. Thus, the superfluid ones, placed in a closed loop, can run indefinitely without frictions. The science which studies superfluidity calls “quantum hydrodynamics”. Superfluidity is used in the cryogenic refrigerators and like “solvent of quantum” in the spectroscopic techniques.

The cryo-crushing uses a cryogenic liquid (nitrogenizes liquid) to cool with precision materials up to their point of embrittlement in order to facilitate the mechanical reduction of it.

The process of icing is a cryogenic system of recovery of the organic compounds birds (COV) in gas flows. The liquid nitrogen cools the solvent gas flow charged. The COV condense and freeze to form a snow which is then eliminated thanks to stainless steel filters.

Cleaning by cryogenics is a process which makes it possible to clean by projection of microphone-pellets of carbonic ice, without it resulting from it from effluents.

Related articles

• Azote liquidates

• Cryobiologie
• liquid Cryonie
• Hélium
• Histoire of cryogenics
• Superfluidité
• Supraconductivité

External bonds

• Liquid air - Division Material Cryogenic
• Philippe Lebrun, '' cryogenics, key of science and technology advanced ''
• pH. Lebrun, '' An Introduction to Cryogenics ''
• Cleaning by cryogenics

Random links:

Turned up aileron dolphin of Australia | Gallery of Apollo | Obturator | Matit | Catherine Pozzi