Cryobiology
The cryobiology is a scientific Discipline studying the behavior of the living beings to low Température S.
The term “cryobiology” comes from the Greek κρῧος , “the cold”, βίος , “the life”, and λόγος meaning overall “word”, “speech” or “relation”.
The cryobiology made it possible to develop the Cryoconservation, in order to preserve fabrics alive at very low temperatures (Azote liquid: −196°C).
Definitions
; Cryobiology: connect biology which studies the effects of the low temperatures on the organizations, generally with an aim of arriving to cryoconserver. ; Cryogenics: connect physics, or ingeneery which studies the low temperatures or their realization. This term is often confused wrongly with that of Cryonie. ; Cryonie: connect being born from the Cryoconservation from human and the animals, with an aim of then managing to restore them. Contrary to cryogenics or cryobiology, the cryonie is not an established science and is still perceived today with skepticism on behalf of the majority of the scientists and doctors. As a technology, the cryonie tries to apply the results of many sciences, of which the Cryobiologie, the Cryogénie, the Rhéologie, the oxology, etc
Chronology
One can recall the history of the cryobiology until Antiquity: as of 2500 av. J. - C. the low temperatures were used in Egyptian medicine. The use of the cold was recommended by Hippocrates to stop the bleeding and swelling. During the emergence of modern sciences, Robert Boyle studied the effect of the low temperatures on the animals.
In 1949 a team of scientists directed by S. Polge arrived to cryoconserver of the Sperme for the first time. This projection led to a use much more pronounced cryoconservation, now used usually for the storage of the bodies, fabrics and the cells. Large bodies, as the heart are generally stored and conveyed, for very short durations, at temperatures cold, but not low, at ends of transplantation. The cells in suspension in a liquid, as for the Blood or sperm, as of the fine fabric sections can sometimes be stored over one duration virtually unlimited in liquid nitrogen. Human sperm, the ovules and the embryos are usually stored in this way within the framework of research on the fertility or for a treatment. Today from many people came at the day, born from an ovule or cryoconservé sperm. In 2000 was born for the first time a baby born from an ovule cryoconservé as well as cryoconservé spermatozoon.
The Cryochirurgie was tried for the first time in 1845 by James Arnott on a patient reached of a cancer. Although always not very widespread, this practice has its advantages: at the time of an act of surgery on the heart, the cooling of this one in the ice makes it possible to lengthen the duration of the operations clearly and decreases the duration of convalescence of the patient.
See too
- Biostase
- Cryogenics
- Cryonie
- Cryoconservation
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