Crusaders of Mayenne in 1158 - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Crusaders of Mayenne in 1158

Introduction

The Abbé Angot at the end of the 19th century made a remarkable research task on the Chartrier de Goué and detailed with an extreme precision the work of forger. At the beginning of the 20th century, the polemic went back to surface when Alain de Goué exhumed the Crusaders of Mayenne in 1158 . It was Ernest Laurain, director of the Departmental records of Mayenne which by a study supplements in 1912, buried this Histoire definitively.

Summary

A ceremony which would have taken place the April 10th 1158, in the church of Notre-Dame of Mayenne, at the time of the departure for the Ground-Holy of a troop of crusaders that Geoffroy, wire of Juhel II of Mayenne, led to his continuation. This ceremony is the object of a historical controversy at the end of the 19th century. The conclusion of this controversy brought by the Abbé Angot leads to a historical trickery established by Jean-Baptiste de Goué, at the 17th century.

The only historical fact proven is that Geoffroy III of Mayenne crossed in 1158.

Discusses historical

Origin

It is in 1683, when Gilles Ménage published in his Histoire of Sanded that the evocation of this departure of a troop of crossed on the basis of Mayenne appears. It since then had a great success near the scientists and of the local historians especially.

Description of the ceremony

Gilles Ménage develops in his work the account of the ceremony which would have taken place the April 10th 1158 (v.s.), in the church of Notre-Dame de Mayenne, at the time of the departure for the Ground-Holy of a troop of crusaders that Geoffroy, wire of Juhel II, led to his continuation.

The narration is extremely detailed, nothing is not forgotten there of what can interest the reader. The first enrôlement of crossed with the Council of Clermont, under the presidency of the pope Urbain II, is not more thoroughly told. The bishop of Mans, Guillaume de Passavant, itself blessed the knights, gave to each one the cross, pronounced on them the devoted formula: All your sins to you are given, if you made what you promise .

The wish that had just emitted the knights was to fight, during three years, for the defense of the faith and the delivery of the Christians who groaned under the yoke of the infidels. On his side, the baron de Mayenne solemnly took under his protection the families and all the goods of the pilgrims.

He was there, like witness, a monk Benedictine of the priory of NR. - D. of Futaye, which, five years later, the June 20th 1163, consigned in only one note the account of the ceremony of the departure, the name of the one hundred and nine cross ones and the summary mention of the return the thirty-five one only of them. All the others had died, says it, for the faith, with the Mont Sina, in Sina , or, according to a more probable reading, in Syria, In Siria.

Propagation

The authority of Household, the interest of a similar event for the history and the genealogies of the families so honourably quoted, inserted this document in the historical work most serious. Naturally, the local authors were the first to use it, since Jean-Baptiste Guyard of the Pit, in its Histoire of Mayenne written a few years after the publication of the volume of Gilles Ménage, to the canon André Rene Paige, author of the Dictionnaire of Maine , with Thomas Cauvin, in his Old Géographie of the Diocese , and until Dom Piolin in its Histoire of the Church of Mans , the Angot abbot in his Monographie of Brée .

In the genealogical History of the House of Quatrebarbes , handwritten work considerable of which there exist many copies, it is referred twice to the crusade of Mayenne. Those which make a point of clearing Jean-Baptiste de Goué, could have to conclude from that this work was completed for its principal part towards 1666, that the event mayennais of 1158 was known before Ménage (1683). However this reasoning is not worth anything. There does not exist any copy of the Genealogy of Quatrebarbes former to the 18th century and all are continued, or annotated, or interpolated until this time.

Large collections of the French history: Rerum Gallicarum and Francicarum Scriptores , the literary History of France , the History of the Crusades , Joseph-François Michaud, and finally the 14th volume of the Gallia Christiana , added by Jean-Barthelemy Hauréau to the work of the Pierre de Sainte Marthe accepted the fact told by the monk of Futaye and made him the honor of an integral insertion or a summary mention.

Thus one can read indeed, in the History of the Crusades , at the date of 1159, - remarkable coincidence, - that following disturbing disasters, the Christians of the East transfer “ to unload with Ptolémaïs, as by a miracle of Providence, several ships assembled by Etienne, count of the Pole, with crusaders of Mans and of Angers, and Thierry, count de Flandre, accompanied by a great number of Flemish pilgrims. ”. For the Angot abbot, unfortunately still, it should be said that in this text so full with precise facts, there are as many errors as of assertions. Without counting very close the Angot abbot raises there five untruths which do not leave absolutely anything upright

Historical source

When, during his research on the history of the Mayenne, the Angot abbot was opposite this question, it tested some surprise initially to see that an event whose repercussion was to have been considerable, waited more than five centuries before being mentioned or discovered by a historian. He then believed to have to go back to the historical source. The task was not difficult, Ménage having taken care to indicate: This note was communicated to me by Mr. de Goué, adviser with the Large-Council, man of a merit equal to its birth . .

Chartrier of Goué

The Pointeau abbot had already carried out this research and continuation the interest had not failed to include/understand that there was for the public to have an edition of the texts thus found, collated with that which had inserted Ménage in its Histoire of Sanded . It knew to make this publication an extremely useful work for the history of the families of Mayenne.

Signs in question

At the date of the April 10th 1158, one finds three specimens more or less imperfect of the same note reporting the departure of Geoffroy de Mayenne, wire of Juhel, lord of Mayenne, in the presence of Guillaume de Passavant, bishop of Mans, which returned from the Mount-Saint-Michel, accompanied by a variable number knights and riders and by the abbot, of Savigny probably, Simon. The senior of Mans, Audouin - its true name is Hardouin - was pilot. The lord de Mayenne takes under his safeguard the families and the goods of the Crusaders. An authenticated copy of this document was communicated to Gilles Ménage who was satisfied with the great standing of Jean-Baptiste de Goué for any guarantor, and admitted that the act had been drawn from the files of the priory of Nogent-le-Rotrou, as this copy affirmed it. It was a trickery moreover of the son of the forger, the honourable adviser with the Great Council. The original part (?) carry to the back, like other falsifications of the funds “ more antiens tiltres of the house (of Goué). - Names of the lords who went to the crusade of the Ground-Holy , 1162. ”

The Pointeau abbot gives in scrupulous description that it makes the means of it of supplementing the demonstration of their falseness:

It starts by establishing that Ménage gave only one faulty text, and that a careful document collating with the manuscripts of Goué emphasized there “ omissions and errors of detail ”.
the first copy carries to the back the following annotation: Catalog of the lords who were with Godefroy de Bouillon, and believe it false, thus useless . Godefroy de Bouillon is a probably here slip of the pen instead of Geoffroy de Mayenne. But of which is this note? The first copy, written like the two others of a writing which with the very unjustified claim to imitate the 12th century, offers for the narration the same text that one will find in the following copies; the list of alleged Croisés is less long of some names. But what makes it much more curious, they are the annotations of another hand and a writing frankly of the 17th century, per which the principal author indicates to his scribe the corrections which will have to be brought to this first drafting.
the second copy “ is the amended reproduction of the preceding sign ”, us says, after the conscientious study that it made some, Mr. Pointeau; the corrections indicated to the first text are made there.
Remainder the third specimen, still altered

On the whole, this charter of the April 10th 1158 is false:

because the writing is not of any time, or is several times, without character, in irregular and hesitant lines;
because it contains two surnames of Mayenne which never appeared nowhere;
because it gives three or four surnames of Goué, and that there is not nowhere elsewhere at that time but in the documents manufactured;
because it is in same the funds as a score of archifaux documents. Could one tell me finally why a part written to the priory of Futaye for Mayenne would have gone in Nogent?

The text of Household

It is found that Ménage, without speaking about the other divergences, has twenty names or first names completely different from those of the sign. That is not its fact. That which acts with this freedom is not a copyist but an inventor. The text of Household is that of the manuscript “ Preuves of nobility of Jean de Goué ” (bibl. nat., F. france 32.633), very different from that of the signs. These charters were offered to the examination of the obliging notaries who allowed Jean-Baptiste de Goué to draw up his file for his evidence of nobility.

Conclusion

For the Angot abbot, the three documents which the Pointeau abbot so carefully studied, imitated the manuscripts of the 15th century, while the marginal indications prescribing to erase with pitch certain names, were in characters of the 17th century. Any watch for him work of mystifier taken on fact, because it let trail in its papers of family of the outlines of a document false that an amateur had, two centuries later, good fortune to find.

It is easy to realize, by reading the list of alleged crossed of Mayenne, which goal continued Jean de Goué by shamelessly putting at the day this act treated a long time like history. No charter, that no authentic part gave the name of Goué before the 14th century. The catalog, on the other hand, reproduces it five times. No other family is represented there also largely. All the parts of this deposit former to the year 1323 had been manufactured to make go up the family of Goué to a fabulous antiquity.

The detailed account of a crusade where appear more than one hundred of the members of our former families of knighthood, ignored since 1158 until the end of the 17th century, is put at the day by Gilles Ménage in 1683; The only reference which it indicates emanates from a character formally recognized like forger; Three of the copies of the document invented by him, outlines of the mystifications which it projected, sullied with all the marks of an obvious trickery, are found in the titles of family which it had joined together and, for a great number, forged; One cannot thus prevent oneself to conclude with trickery and, in spite of his temporary success, to cut off from any serious work this note Apocryphe.

The only checked point is that Geoffroy de Mayenne crossed in 1158. The fact is mentioned in a posterior charter of his/her father. This charter of the files of Savigny, the lord of Goué knew it and it took it as bases of its novel.

Many other knights of this area crossed individually in XIIe and the 13th centuries. They often make on this occasion generosities, restitutions or loans with the abbeys, which consign the memory in their annals of it.

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