Crucifixion

The crucifixion is a method of setting with death consisting to place the torture victim on a cross, a support in form of T or a tree and to attach it by various means (nails, cords, chains, etc). Several alternatives of the torment exist. The Crucifixion is the term devoted in French for the crucifixion of Jesus.

Antiquity

It was a torment of use at the Eastern people, the Celtes and at the Perse S and the Phéniciens. Alexandre Large the made of it use by crucifiant thousands of prisoners after the catch of Sidon. The Carthaginois applied it, in particular in the repression of the Guerre of the Mercenaries. Like the Empalement, crucifixion is easy to implement, requiring only little preparation and has an aspect dissuasive on the witnesses of the scene.

The Old Testament does not mention the crucifixion which was thus not a sorrow envisaged by the Jewish law; the capital punishment was applied at the Juifs by lapidation. At the Romains this sorrow is infâmante and reserved initially for the slaves (see Spartacus), then later with the brigands and the pirates, sometimes with the prisoners of war and with condemned on political grounds. The Roman Emperor Constantin I {{er}} made abolish the torment of crucifixion in 313, after his edict of tolerance of the Christianisme. Jews were crucifiés under Alexandre Jannée (Flavius Josèphe Guerre of the Jews 1,97s) and on order of the Roman legate Varus (Flav. Jos. Jewish Antiquities 17,295).

According to the texts néotestamentaires, Jesus de Nazareth was condemned to died by the Roman prefect Pontius Pilate, and carried out by crucifixion (thus defining the precise term of its crucifixion ).

Course of the execution

Condemned were attached arms drawn aside on a beam ( patibulum ) with ropes (effect of garrot), possibly doubled of a enclouage of the wrists, more probably when it was still on the ground. The feet, encloués or attached, rested on a console out of wooden fixed on the vertical upright ( feather-grasses ). This transverse bar was fixed, either at the top ( the crux commissa in form of T), or below ( the crux immissa ) the vertical part driven out of ground. Condemned can also be nailed with a tree.

Death occurs by Asphyxie: in the position of crucifié, the muscles of the shoulders, pectoral and intercostaux support the body, and are tired quickly. However, these muscles are those which ensure breathing. To relieve them, condemned raises itself on its possibly encloués feet, creating a new pain. The muscles of the legs are tired in their turn and the body falls down. This alternation between blocking and respiratory relaxation ends up creating cramps leading to asphyxiation.

(or according to the sources, only the Patibulum ) until the place of the execution. One can note that the French word " patibulaire" , resulting from the Latin word " patibulum" , " means; who deserves to carry a croix".

As opposed to what lets think the pictorial tradition, the nails were not inserted in the palms of the hand, which would have torn the flesh, but in the bones of the tarsi. The cross of Jesus was probably a the crux immissa since, according to the Évangiles, a sign was fixed at the top, and relatively high since a soldier gives him with drinking with an impregnated vinegar sponge at the end of a branch of Hysope.

Persistence

During the Second world war, the Nazis carried out condemned by crucifixion, in order to devote itself to “medical experiments”. According to their constitution, condemned survived between ten minutes and several hours.

Each year with the Filipino , of the religious fanatics is voluntarily made whip and crucifier (sometimes even with nails) in order to endure the same sufferings as Christ.

See too

Methods of execution
Crucifixion, narrower term for the crucifixion of Jesus

External bonds

Random links: