The name of crowned wars indicates the wars carried out by the Amphictyonie of Delphes to protect the sanctuary from Apollon delphien and to punish the sacrileges.
The first crowned war
The first crowned war was held 600 av. JC with 590. It was born from a quarrel between Delphes and Crisa, its neighbor, a village located at a few kilometers in the south-west, which controlled the road of Delphes to the sea: it was about the right, for Crisa, to raise a toll on the pilgrims.
Grated was destroyed and its fertile plain was devoted to Apollon, with the promise which it would never be cultivated.
The second crowned war
The second crowned war burst in 448: the Phocidiens seized Delphes; the Spartiates intervened to return the sanctuary in Delphiens; finally Athens, under the control of Périclès, restores the capacity with Phocide.
One does not know at which Delphes time was again released, but the conditions of the Paix of Nicias, concluded between Athens and Sparte, guaranteed its independence.
The third crowned war
The third crowned war was an event of great importance, where was mixed most of the Greece.
Thèbes, which was then with the head of Amphictyonie, translated with the autumn 357 its enemies traditional, the Phocidiens, in front of the Council amphictyonic, to be itself delivered to encroachments on grounds consacréees in Apollon in the plain of Grated; they had cultivated the ground there. Condemned to a door amends, Phocidiens refused to pay and under the control of Philomèlos, seized Delphes (356); in 355 Amphictyonie declared the war in Phocide.
After some partial successes, Philomèle was crushed by its adversaries in Phocide even, in Néon. Under Onomarcos, successor of Philomèle, which drew without shame in the treasure of Delphes to enlist many mercenaries and was combined to the tyrants of Phères, the territory of Phocide increases considerably, at the point to extend since the gulf from Corinthe until certain areas from Thessalie.
However, at the request of the league thessalienne and of Thèbes, Philippe II of Macedonia intervened. Initially victorious in a partial engagement, it was then beaten twice by Onomarcos in 353; but in 352, with the battles of the Field of Crocus (in Thessalie), it overcame and killed Onomarcos.
In 346, after the Peace of Philocrate concluded between Athens and the Macedonia, Phocide was insulated and was obliged to go to Philippe, who occupied his seat with the Council of Amphictyonie.
The fourth crowned war
The fourth crowned war is held autumn 339 av. JC with the autumn 338. It is Eschine which convinces Amphyctionie to attack Locriens d' Amphissie. Indeed, those cultivated the plain devoted to Apollon, and rebuilt the port destroyed during the first crowned war, which is ill omen. Amphictyons thus attack Amphissie, under the control of Philippe II. Philippe goes until taking Elatée then moves towards Thèbes. Thèbes is thus combined with Athens. The two cities fight the armies Macedonians, and undergo the defeat of Chéronée, at the end of August 338. A stone lion is built with the memory of the " battalion sacré" of Thébains which perished. Thèbes is treated hard by Philippe; Athens is treated with leniency: it is the peace of Démade. Indeed, Philippe thinks that it will need the Athenian fleet when it attacks Persia. Moreover, it fears that Athens does not revolt if she is abused.
It marks the final end of the independence of the Greek quoted , since, in 337, Philippe is proclaimed hègémon Greeks.
See also
| Random links: | Calcutta | Abel Xavier | Aripert II | County of Ji (Tianjin) | Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup |