Cromatina

The spleen (or bond in new nomenclature) is a Organe fragile, deep, located in the left Hypochondre compared to the 10th coast ( splenic coast ). It is thus in thoraco-abdominal position .

It has two crucial roles:

  • role in the Immunity, in particular cellular immunity, it forms part of the secondary lymphoid Organes thus,
  • role in the regulation of the formation and the destruction of the illustrated elements of the Sang: it is said that the spleen is the “cemetery of the red Globules”.

Of red color or dark crimson , it measures on average 12 cm X 8 cm X 4 cm for an average weight of 200 G . When this one increases and that it becomes possible to palpate it, which is impossible physiologically, one speaks about Splénomégalie. In this case it can weigh up to 1,5 kg and go down until in the basin.

Morphology

The spleen classically includes/understands three faces and a base:

  • the former face being compared to the Stomach, one thus names it gastric face . It is on this one that is dug the Hile spleen, area from where enter and leave the vessels;
  • the side face , compared to the diaphragm, it is thus the diaphragmatic face ;
  • the bases , in connection with the left Angle colic.

The former edge is notched, it is this one which one perceives with palpation at the time of a splénomégalie.

Constitution

The spleen is surrounded by a very fragile capsule sending conjunctive partitions inside the splenic Parenchyme. This one consists of two kinds of fabrics:

  • the red pulp ,
  • the white pulp correspondent with lymphoid follicules, intervening in immunity. The spleen is indeed bulkiest of the peripheral lymphoid bodies.

Vascularization and innervation

arterial vascularization of spleen is done mainly by the splenic artery (artery liénale). This one being one of the 3 branches of the cœliaque Trunk which is born from the Aorte with the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra. After a very sinuous way on the higher edge of the Pancreas, it penetrates in the parenchyma by the hile while being divided into two branches higher and lower; this explains the existence of the partial splenectomy . Then they are divided into arteries trabéculaires which walk on in the conjunctive spans. They same give the central arteries while leaving the span, which are surrounded by a sleeve of white pulp (especially lymphocytes T). This artery gives the collateral ones: for white pulp, and others which leave white pulp to finish in the red pulp in two ways, one speaks about open and closed circulation.

venous vascularization is made as for it by the splenic vein (vein liénale), which returns in the constitution of the Tronc carries with the mesenteric veins higher and lower.

the lymphatic vessels are located close to the blood-vessels.

the nerves follow the vessels and mainly the arteries. They explain the points on side (pain with the effort by Ischémie of spleen) and the cuts of breath at the time of shocks in the left hypochondre.

Pathology

Because of its great brittleness, the traumatisms of spleen are very frequent, in particular at the time of left traumatisms basithoracic. Being very vascularized, a Hémorragie will be able to occur consecutive with a Hématome under-capsulaire: indeed, the rupture of this capsule is very frequent. This can lead to the formation of a Hémopéritoine. The rupture of spleen under violent effort is a complication rare but characteristic of infectious mononucleosis.

Expression

" To run like a dératé" . The Old ones allotted to spleen many properties of which that to cause the points on side and to harm consequently the race. One believed thus that the Old ones desiccated spleen of the runners and their horses to improve the performances of them. Actually, the ablation of spleen was practiced only on dogs at the end of XVIe century; but those would die little of time afterwards. One continued to imagine in spite of very that a man without spleen would run more quickly from where the expression, attested since 1750.

The spleen in the antiquated theory of the Mood S

The Anciens said that in autumn it was necessary “to make laugh the spleen”, by eating roots (Panais, Horseradish, Pissenlit…). What made it possible to better support the cold and to be of better mood. The spleen, according to them, was especially used to control the Humeur S. If enough roots were eaten, one avoided the depressions related to the winter.

See too

  • Card on vulgaris medical

Simple: Spleen

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