Criticism
Theory of knowledge thought by Emmanuel Kant allowing to exceed the opposition Empiricism/Rationalism and to bring a solution to it. The criticism , briefly summarized, postulates that if the human being cannot know the truth of the things in oneself (Noumène S), it can know the truth of what they are for oneself (what they represent for him - Phénomène S).
Any knowledge would be formed of the combination of observations resulting from the directions (and thus dubious) and of universal categories of thought (identical for all to be thinking ) A priori (preexistent with any experiment), such as the law of causality for example. From this universality of the categories of thought would rise the “unquestionable” base from the Connaissance S (of the phenomena) A posteriori .