Crane (building site)

See also: Crane

A crane of building site is an elevating lifting device used in the field of construction to move loads.

Various types of cranes of building site

  • tower cranes

  • telescopic cranes
  • the cranes lattice

Mobile cranes and static cranes (or with turn )

The mobile cranes are assembled on tires or crawler-mounted and form integral part of a vehicle. The counterweight can however be transported separately. They can be moved easily. There exist three categories of mobile cranes:

  • AT: Railcars.
  • ATT: Railcars any ground.
  • SP: On carrier.
She can be with telescopic arrow, or elements dismountable lattices. In spite of their easy mobility, they are machines being able to have impressive capacities of lifting. For example, a mobile crane having taken part in the construction of the Stade de France, DENIS SAINT, arrow of dismountable the lattice type, had a capacity of lifting of 1200 tons. It is current to meet on building sites of the cranes of capacity of 200 tons

On the contrary, the static cranes (also called cranes tower ) can be anchored in the ground (by fixing in foundations) and/or ballasted with the base by concrete blocks. There exist two categories of machines: GMA: Crane with automated assembly. Rotation is carried out at the base. GME: Crane with assembly by elements. Rotation is carried out partly high.

One expresses the capacity of a tower crane or a mobile crane in Tons/Mètres (more updated KiloNewton/meter)

The capacity of lifting for a crane GMA is, for smallest, 1800 kg to 9.30 m - 700 kg to 20 m of range. (16 KN/M) For largest, 8000 kg to 13.10 m - 1500 kg to 50.00 m of range. (102 KN/M)

The capacity of lifting for a crane GME is, for smallest, 2500 kg to 18.40 m - 1000 kg to 35.00 m of range. (45 KN/M) For largest, 64000 kg to 30.30 m - 20000 kg to 80.00 m of range. (1900 KN/M)

Under certain conditions, these machines can relocate using motor reducers, on infrastructures resembling ways of railroad.

Starting from a certain height, the crane is also anchored to the building, for obvious reasons of accessibility and stability.

Different type of arm of lifting (Arrow)

If all the cranes use a Treuil to raise the loads, the shapes of arm differ appreciably:

  • Articulated (auxiliary hydraulic Crane)

  • Telescopic (mobile Crane)
  • single Arrow (GMA)
  • Arrow + counter-arrow + carry-arrow + tie ( FCFPFT ) (GME)

There does not exist crane better than another. Each crane has its use. The cranes with hinged jib and telescopic are usable instantaneously. The cranes with single Flèche are appreciably less powerful than the unit complexes FCFPFT but their installation is simplified. Indeed, the absence of carry-arrow reduces the height of assembly for an equivalent height of range and the simplicity of the system reduces the set-up time.

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