Cracking
In Chemistry, and more particularly that of the Oil, the cracking ( cracking in English) is the operation which consists with to break a Molécule organic complex in smaller elements, in particular of the Alcane S and Alcène S. the conditions of temperature and pressure, as well as the nature of the Catalyseur are crucial factors of cracking.
Principle of catalytic cracking
The large molecules of Alcane S break when they are carried to 500°C approximately In results a Alcane and a weaker Alcène from molar Masse. Catalyseur S containing platinum Molybdène are used to support and accelerate this reaction of cracking . The product obtained are thus molecules lighter such:
- of gases of heating,
- of the raw material for example ethylene etc.
- of the gasolines.
Vapocraquage
One of the methods of industrial production of Dihydrogène is the vapocraquage of Hydrocarbure S:
- C3H8 + 6:00 2O → 10:00 2 + 3 CO2
The vapocraquage is done without catalyst, but in the presence of steam, at a temperature about 800°C and under a pressure close to 1 bar. It is thus a process less expensive than catalytic cracking.
In the Refinery S of oil, cracking comes to supplement the Distillation the heaviest products.
The vapocraquage also makes it possible to obtain the Polymères starting from the Pétrole.
Notes and references of the article
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