County of Nice

The county of Nice was an administrative division of the Duché of Savoy , created in 1388, and which disappeared with the fastening (the annexation) from Nice in France in 1860.

However, the Comté of Nice remains an alive cultural area. It is called also Pays Niçois , although this name is less traditional.

In Occitan niçois, its name is Comtat de Niça/País Niçard according to the traditional standard or Coumtat de Niço/Païs Niçart (Coumtat de Nissa/Païs Nissart) according to the Norme mistralienne.

It corresponds about to the district of Nice, in the department of the the Alpes-Maritimes.

Its capital is the town of Nice.

Armorial bearings

Money to the crowned eagle of mouths to the lowered flight, encroaching a mountain of three coupeaux of issuant sand of a sea of azure driving of the point and money heavy shower. finds, also, of coupeaux of sinople (green) on many blazons.

History

In 1380, the duchess Jeanne Anger of Provence (1348 - 1382) - better known under the name of the queen Jeanne - without children, Louis of Anjou adopts, the brother of the king de France Charles V. The cousin of Louis, the duke Charles of Lasted (or Durazzo), then carries out the Union of Aix, the party of Provence anti-angevin, and assassinates Jeanne, involving a war of succession which will end in the victory of the party of Anjou. Taking favors disorders, the count of Savoy Amédée VII the Red, which wishes to have an access towards the sea, negotiates with Jean Grimaldi de Beuil, governor of Nice and Eastern Provence.

For its part, the count of Savoy sees in the realization of a Dédition of Nice in Savoy the occasion to widen his grounds. Under the influence of Jean Grimaldi, who orders the garrison of Nice, Niçois subject and accommodate their new lord according to the traditions of Provence. The agreement is sealed with Saint-Pons in (1388), whereby the city and its Viguerie, the city of Puget-Théniers and the valleys of the Tinée and the Vésubie constitute the New Grounds of Provence incorporated in Savoy. They are joined by the Vallée of Ubaye.

The Savoy was at the time a State powerful, equipped with an important armed force, prosperous and managed well, contrary to the Provence. With the agreement of the populations, the Savoyard army settles then in these new grounds and Nice becomes about it the capital under the civil authority and military of a Savoyard governor. The large feudal ones, except for some families: the Grimaldi, the Berre, the Lascaris, emigrate on Right Bank of the VAr, in order to remain provençaux. Though located on Right Bank, Gattières will be also torn off in Provence at the same time. Amédée VII launches the creation of a new nobility (which will develop especially with XVIIe and XVIIIe centuries) and Jean Grimaldi receives a score of strongholds in recognition of its action.

Monaco “of swears” génoise but held by Grimaldi since 1297 sees itself recognizing its independence, in 1489, by the king of France and the duke of Savoy. The New Grounds of Provence take the name of Comté of Nice in 1526. The term Comté has an administrative and nonfeudal direction here.

Meanwhile, in the remainder of Provence, the good King Rene s´avère to be also the king whose weakness makes fall Provence between the hands from kings de France. Indeed, Louis XI, skilful and calculator, makes him understand that its heritage would be appropriate to him. Giving up the pride of Provençaux which never until there yielded voluntarily with a foreign power, our good king disinherits his natural successor (Rene II of Lorraine) with the profit of Charles II of Maine. In 1481 this last, without successor, is laid out to give its grounds to Louis XI who thus gains a great victory without any battle. Louis XI thus seizes Provence in 1481 which becomes definitively French.

In 1543, Nice is besieged by the French troops of the duke of Enghien and the Turkish fleet of Barberousse (Khayr-Al-DIN), the bey of Tunis, result of the alliance of François Ier and Soliman the Magnificent the against the emperor Charles Quint. The city is taken after 20 days, but following the resistance of the last defenders of the castle, the fleet is withdrawn (it is there that the episode of Catherine Ségurane is placed).

The duke Charles-Emmanuel Ier of Savoy, in 1614, makes of Nice a free port and establishes a senate there. The revolt of the count of Beuil is stopped in 1621. The County of Nice knows stability, contrary to the remainder of Provence where the revolts are frequent. However, the war between France and Savoy begin again during the 17th century, and the County of Nice is occupied by France of 1691 with 1697 and of 1707 with 1713. In 1713, the Traité of Utrecht detaches Vallée of Ubaye county of Nice and thus of Savoy in favor of the kingdom of France in compensation of the loss of alpine valleys of Piedmont. Administratively, the valley of Ubaye was attached to Provence. The Border between the county of Nice and the remainder of Provence is once again modified in 1760, the treaty of Turin granting Gattières and the Right Bank of the Estéron to France, the communes of Guillaumes and the Warp end at the house of Savoy.

In 1789, Nice is a center counter-revolutionary. The Army of the South of the young person République enters Nice the September 29th 1792 and the January 31st 1793, the Convention orders the integration of the county within the national territory through the creation of the department of the the Alpes-Maritimes. The Barbet spaniels, of the local counter-revolutionaries, fight against the French occupation in the high-country niçois. Close to Duranus, the “  Jump of Français  ” guard the memory of French soldiers who were thrown in the vacuum above Vésubie. During the First Empire, the Dubouchage prefect works with the development of Nice, with the assistance of notable of the city.

The county returns, the April 23rd 1814, under the control of the king de Sardaigne Victor-Emmanuel Ier (1759 - 1824). To compensate if it could be the influence of Genoa annexed to the Kingdom in 1815, one then creates a division (kind of area) of Nice, including the province of Nice, the province of Sanremo and the province of Oneglia. But this administrative reform cuts off old the marquisat from Dolceacqua of quite as old county of Nice (with Pigna and Seborga). The Principality of Monaco, whose princes were restored in their old rights in 1814, passes from French protectorate to Sardinian protectorate in 1815  : its inhabitants are nothing any more but half-foreigners for the inhabitants of the county of Nice. Chin and Roquebrune revolts remainder against their prince in 1848 and becomes managed free cities makes some by the House of Savoie : these two cities will vote with the remainder of the county of Nice at the time of the Plébiscite of 1860 and will be attached to France as, then repurchased to him at the same time by the French Empire several million gold franc.

In 1859, France and the Sardinia conclude an alliance with an aim of rejecting the Austria out of Italy of north, France having to receive the county of Nice in reward for its assistance. The same year, Napoleon III sign the treaty of Villafranca di Verona which puts an end to the countryside of Italy. However, the Venezia remains Austrian, and the Great Britain and other nations of Europe, are opposed to the annexation of Savoy and Nice in France, just like Garibaldi.

In 1860, Napoleon III and Victor-Emmanuel II sign the Traité of Turin, which envisages the annexation of Nice in France in exchange of a help of Napoleon III against the Austrians and of an assistance to Victor-Emmanuel II in his desire to unify Italy. A plebiscite that of aucuns say faked is organized. The “  county of Nice  ” becomes French, divided into a Arrondissement of Nice and a Arrondissement of Puget-Théniers and increased Arrondissement of Fatty detached of the department of the VAr, and henceforth forms the new department of the the Alpes-Maritimes.

The June 14th 1860, the French imperial troops enter Nice and the " rattachement" is celebrated. The treated of Turin preserves in the Italian bosom the localities of Tende, Aspires to It, Mollières because they are favorite hunting preserves of the king Victor-Emmanuel II (no matter what one suspecté with that of the military objectives, the new border being not easily justifiable by France). All these localities will end up becoming French at the conclusion of the Second world war by the Traité of Paris (1947), last major addition with the French national territory and the department of the the Alpes-Maritimes.

" The plebiscite of 1860 in the county of Nice was only one parody électorale" (Claude Delpla) whereas French historiography raise that the inhabitants of Nice and Savoy consulted by plebiscite approved fastening in France massively. Nizza (Italianization of the name provençalo-occitan Nissa or Niça is changed into Nice with fastening in France) was the town of Giuseppe Garibaldi large craftsman of the Italian unification and a town of culture italo-franco-occitane. During fastening the department of the Alpes-Maritimes was made up by gathering the county of Nice with the oriental party of the VAr (with the result that today the coastal river of the Var does not run any more in the department of the Var).

It is the moment to remember that Nice and its county were attached to France only in 1860, i.e. 225 years after the Martinique and the Guadeloupe and 28 years after the Algérie.

1871 had to be waited until to have relatively free elections. In 1871, the party anti-French favorable to fastening in Italy gathers behind Garibaldi, and carries it with the elections, put aside for the part previously of the department of Var.

In the same way, in 1874, in spite of the operations of Thiers, the part in the past county of Nice votes massively for fastening in Italy (to 70% in the district of Nice).

Nice also loses any form of appelate jurisdiction after 1860, whereas it was before the seat of such an authority called Sénat.

In 1875,75% of the population niçoise request to find its independence. Thiers then sends his troops to massacre the insurrectionists niçois. All the European newspapers speak then about vespers niçoises.

Begin in the following years the transformation into Riviera with contribution of Parisian and international capital. However, of the separatist currents were to be still maintained a few years.

The district of Puget-Théniers is finally removed at ends of economies in 1926, and is joined together with that of Nice. The Assemblée of district of Nice has the appearance of “a   then; Parliament of the county of Nice  ” of 1926 with the Second world war, but this institution disappears after the Release.

With spiritual, the bishop of Nice which depended on the Archevêque of Genoa depended on the archbishop of Aix after 1860. It is in 1886 that the Arrondissement of Fatty (except for the island Saint-Honorat) was detached from the Diocèse of Fréjus to be attached to that of Nice; and consequently occasion, Garavan which always belonged to the diocese of Vintimille is also attached to that of Nice. The bishop of Nice however loses his jurisdiction on Monaco, which is equipped with a Abbé Nullius in 1868 then of a bishop in 1887 (the bishop of Monaco depending on no archbishop but directly on the pope).

Because of annexation, any form of higher education disappears in Nice after 1860, and 1965 will have to be awaited so that is created a Université of Nice.

Geographical presence

Traditions

The dance most representative of the county is the Farandole and its alternatives: held up , mourisca (or Moorish), passed will decay (pass-street). Girls and boys danced in the streets and on the places, the employers' feastday of the village, with the sound of the fifre and the drum, sometimes of the Violon or the Vielle to wheel.

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • History and culture of the county of Nice.
  • Dances and traditional musics of the county of Nice.
  • the old boundary stones of the county of Nice.

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