County of Burgundy

The Comté of Burgundy is important and vast county Féodal with for capital Dole (and not the Archevêché of Besancon) directed Xe century with the XVIIe century by the Count Palatines of Burgundy in the vassal beginning of the dukes of Burgundy of the Duché of Burgundy. It extends beyond Vesoul, Besancon, Dole, Lons-the-Salt maker and Pontarlier and corresponds about to the current Franche-Comté minus the Comté of Montbeliard (it is thus geographically close to the current Burgundy).

History

Prehistory

As of the Paleolithic , the area of the county of Burgundy is inhabited by the man who saw there gathering and hunting. Towards the IV E, the Séquanes settle and live there Agriculture and breeding.

Antiquity

The area is then conquered then romanized starting from -51 by Jules César and the Roman Empire. During the collapse of the Roman Empire about year 300 to 500, which will be the county of Burgundy is invaded by tribes come from Germanie close, the Alamans, the Germains and the Burgondes. They settle until Châlon-sur-saône, Mâcon, Autun, current German-speaking Switzerland, French-speaking Switzerland, Italian Lombardy, Alsace, Burgundy, Franche-Comté and found there the Royaumes burgondes at the 5th century between 457 and 534.

Mérovingiens and Carolingiens

Starting from 534, Frank , then the Carolingian Mérovingiens, and then , get busy to drive out the people come from Germanie and to integrate the Royaumes burgondes into the frank Royaumes at the 6th century and the Carolingian Empire of Charlemagne into the 8th century and 9th century.

The Royaume of Burgundy is made up in 888, sixty fourteen years after the death of Charlemagne.

Feudality - creation of the County of Burgundy

Foundation of the County of Burgundy

Vast the Carolingian Empire is feudalized and cut out in Duché S and county S Vassaux of the kings de France starting from Charles the Bald person with the Xe century. Richard II of Burgundy known as the Dispenser of justice is named first duke of Burgundy in 918 and Otte-Guillaume of Burgundy first count de Bourgogne in 986.

Fastening with the Germanic empire

In 1016, the Germanic Empereur Henri II of the Holy roman Empire forced his/her cousin the king Rodolphe III of Burgundy, without heir with the very weakened capacity, to take it for heir. To died of Rodolphe III in 1032, the Royaume of Burgundy was then attached to powerful the Germanic Empire.

With died of the count Otte-Guillaume of Burgundy in 1026, the emperor Conrad II Salic the Vassal ise on several generations the county of Burgundy to its Holy Germanic Roman Empire by the military force with the detriment of the Duchy of Burgundy and of the Kingdom of France. In 1037, Renaud Ier of Burgundy, wire of Otte-Guillaume is named Count Palatine of Burgundy, title given in the Germanic imperial administration, with those which are charged to manage the grounds of empire and to return justice in the name of the Germanic Empereur. The Germanic empire then consists of vassal autonomous states of an emperor elected by his vassal and the vast one and powerful Comté of Burgundy profits from an autonomous mode on the same basis of the states of the Germanique empire under suzerainty of the Germanic Empereur.

The development of trade route through the the Jura and the exploitation of the Salines (salt mines) ensure the prosperity of the area whose cities can preserve their frankness by maintaining their neutrality in the feudal conflicts.

The Germanic emperor Henri III of the Holy roman Empire consolidates his Suzerain be on the county of Burgundy at the end of the 11th century by conferring on the archbishop's palace Besancon the row of imperial city. The pope Calixte II wire of the count Guillaume Ier of Burgundy and brother of the count Renaud II of Burgundy imposes on the emperor Henri V of the Holy roman Empire the Concordat of Worms to reconcile the German emperors with the the Vatican and the religion Catholique.

Emancipation of the Frank County of Burgundy

At the 12th century the Germanic empire is guaranteeing prosperity of the county of Burgundy, but in 1127, after the assassination of the count Guillaume III of Burgundy, his/her cousin the count Renaud III of Burgundy wants émanciper imperial supervision of the emperor Conrad III of Hohenstaufen. It imposes to him by the war the statute of “ Franc Count ” (free count), at the origin later of the name of the area Franche-Comté.

The second fastening with the Germanic empire

The emperor Frederic Barberousse takes again the control of the county of Burgundy by making captive the son heir to the count Guillaume IV of Burgundy. Moreover, he marries in 1156 countess heiress of the county of Burgundy, Béatrice Ire of Burgundy which becomes empress. It is their second wire, Othon Ier (1165 - 1197), which inherits the county of Burgundy. The girl of Othon Ier, Jeanne Ire of Burgundy (1191 - 1205) becomes countess but succeeds only during little time after his/her father, and it is his/her sister Béatrice II of Burgundy (1191 - 1231) which inherits the county of Burgundy.

Beatrice II marries the duke Othon I {{er}} of Andechs and Méranie which becomes by its marriage, count under the name of Othon II of Burgundy, with which it with a son, the future count Othon III of Burgundy. Othon III of Burgundy dying without heir, his sister Alix of Burgundy which succeeds to him the head of the county under the name of countess Adélaïde Ire of Burgundy.

Fastening with the duchy of Burgundy

The latter makes leave the county Burgundy of the Germanic imperial yoke by marrying in 1236 with the count Hugues de Chalon. This last is resulting from a French descent and friendly bond of marriage with the French counties close to the Duché of Burgundy (Comté of Trawl-net, of Mason and of Auxonne). Their son the count Othon IV of Burgundy is the last of the Count Palatines of Burgundy. He marries in second weddings the countess (and even of France), Mahaut of Artois (small-niece of the king holy Louis, made famous for the series TV the cursed Kings). It is their daughter Jeanne II of Burgundy (countess heiress of the counties of Artois]] and of Burgundy) who, while becoming queen of France by marriage with the king Philippe V of France, brings back the counties of Burgundy and Artois in the royal possessions. In 1318, Jeanne III of Burgundy, oldest daughter of the king Philippe V and Jeanne II, wife the duke Eudes IV of Burgundy. This marriage makes it possible their descendants to find the unit of the Duché of Burgundy.

Fastening at the Burgundian State

This fastening with the royal field of the duchy of Burgundy will be broken by the emancipation of the powerful dukes of Burgundy of the House of Valois. The dukes Philippe Bold the, Jean without Fear, Philippe the Good and Charles Bold the will extend their possession melting the Burgundian State by incorporating in it the Comté of Flanders, the Boulonnais, the the Brabant, the Limbourg, the Namurois, the Hainaut, the Holland, the Zealand and the Frise, the Picardy, the Luxembourg and the Gueldre. They become powerful rivals of kings France to combine Kings de Grande-Bretagne.

The unit of the Burgundian State is broken with died of Charles Bold the in 1477 in a battle with Nancy against the king Louis XI of France which benefits from it to militarily annex the French part of vast the Burgundian State.

The third fastening with the Germanic empire

The duchess heiress, Marie of Burgundy, old of 20 years, Marie with the Germanic emperor Maximilien I {{er}} of Habsbourg which annexes of sound with dimensions the part Germanique, and the county of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) of the Burgundian State, which will have for effect to feed from sharp quarrels and battles for the possession of this heritage on several generations during 201 years.

King Habsbourg fastening of Spain

The county of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) remains of 1477 to 1678 pennies the control of the German Empereurs Habsbourgs of Austria and Spain, Charles Quint and of his descendants, Philippe II of Spain, Philippe III of Spain, Philippe IV of Spain, and Charles II of Spain… what causes many wars of attempts at recovery by the Kings de France of Louis XI with Louis XIV.

Fastening with the kingdom of France by Louis XIV

By the Treated of Nimègue of 1678 which signs peace with Charles II of Spain, Louis XIV definitively attaches to the kingdom of France the county of Burgundy (Franche-Comté). On this date, Besancon becomes the capital of the county of Burgundy (in the place of Dole) and is equipped with a Parlement of Besancon with for first president Gabriel Boisot.

French Republic

The French Republic will make county of Burgundy and Comté of Montbeliard the area Franche-Comté, in connection with its history.

See too

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