Count de Cornouailles
See also: Cornouailles (homonymy)
The title of count de Cornouailles ( Cornwall in English) was created several times in the Pairie of England before 1337. It was then replaced by the title of Duc of Cornouailles, which was then carried by the heir apparents to the throne of England.
History of the title
William the Conqueror gave practically all the grounds of Cornouailles to his/her half-brother Robert de Mortain, in reward of its participation in the battle of Hastings. Nevertheless, it does not seem to have received officially the title of count de Cornouailles.
The title passed then to his/her Guillaume son who in 1104 revolted against Henri I {{er}} Beauclerc, in particular because this last did not want to yield the to him county of Kent that his/her uncle Odon of Bayeux had had. It thus lost all its English possessions. It was captured with Robert Courteheuse, Duc of Normandy to the Bataille of Tinchebray and imprisoned during long years, probably until the death of the king in 1135, after which he was probably monk until his death.
The king Etienne of England gave then this title to Alain the Black, Count de Richmond, one of his partisans in the civil war for the crown of England which opposed it to Mathilde Emperesse. Following the battles of Lincoln, this one was captured by Ranulph de Gernon and had to yield this county in ransom to him.
The county of Cornouailles was in an area controlled by Emperesse. This one allotted the title to his/her half-brother Réginald de Dunstanville, bastard of Henri Ier, in reward, to have raised a rebellion in the west of the country.
The title seems to be allotted to a certain Baudouin, character who apparently did not leave of another trace in the History.
After having been count de Cornouailles starting from 1189, Jean without Ground reached the throne after his/her brother Richard in 1199. He entrusted the county to Henri, the bastard son of Réginald de Dunstanville which will carry officially the title starting from 1217. Henri will make the title right before leaving in Holy Land crusade.
The title will be then given to Richard, the son of late the Jean without Ground. This one will be elected king of the Roman Holy roman Empire Germanique in 1257. His/her son Edmond will inherit the title to his death.
Edouard II of England allotted this title to its nice Piers Gaveston in 1307. The king Edouard III, his successor, will give the title to his brother Jean d' Eltham.
The title of count extinct with died of this last in 1336.
The first creation (1068)
- 1068 - 1090 : Robert de Mortain (1031 - 1090), Count de Mortain. Half-brother and companion of William the Conqueror ;
- 1090 - 1104 : Guillaume de Mortain († after 1140), count de Mortain.
Title confiscated in 1104.
The second creation (1140)
- 1140 - 1141 : Alain the Black († 1146), Count de Richmond.
Dispossessed of the title in 1141.
The third creation (1141)
- 1141 - 1175 : Réginald de Dunstanville († 1175).
The fourth creation (1180)
The fifth creation (1189)
- 1189 - 1199 : Jean without Ground (1167 - 1216), Count de Gloucester and Duke of Normandy. Jean of England in 1199.
the title is attached to the crown
The sixth creation (1217)
- 1217 - 1220 : Henri de Cornouailles (1175 - 1222), sheriff of Cornwall and having the honor since 1215. Wire illegitimate of Réginald de Dunstanville.
Returns the title to leave in crusade in 1220
The seventh creation (1225)
- 1225 - 1272 : Richard de Cornouailles (1209 - 1272), elected King of the Romans in 1257. Wire of Jean without Terre ;
- 1272 - 1300 : Edmond de Cornouailles (1249 - 1300)
Titer extinguishes male fault of descent.
The eighth creation (1307)
- 1307 - 1312 : Piers Gaveston (1284 - 1312), nice of the king Edouard II of England.
The ninth creation (1330)
- 1330 - 1336 : Jean d' Eltham (1316 - 1336).
See too
Sources
- Earls off Cornwall
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