Cossacks of the Gift

The cossacks of the Gift are a Cosaquerie installed in the area of the Don river in Russia.

Origins of the Cossack S of the Gift

The cradle of the cossacks of the Gift is located close to the river Don in Russia. The cossack main city of this area is Rostov-sur-le-Don, currently the capital of the Oblast of Rostov in the the Russian Caucasus.

Their first appearance dates from the 16th century, but the first great appearances of the cossacks of the Gift dates from the time from the Russian first Tzar S.

Like all the other cosaqueries, the cossacks of the Gift come from the first cosaquery, that of the cossacks Zaporogue S, who scattered on all the territory of old the Ruthénie (the current Ukraine mainly) and of the Grand-Duchy of Moscovie.

With the service of Russia

The statute of cossack is a transnational statute, i.e. it is about a nationality with whole share, with an elaborate political system (generally a Rada (assembled military) and a Ataman elected), a clean culture, but also a language which differs from the Russian , to approach the old language Ruthène.

As free men, the cossacks of the Gift had the reputation to be unverifiable and the first Tsars who tried to put them at their services made the expenses of them.

Indeed, the cossacks do not obey a monarch, but only their ataman.

Not easily integrable in fixed lines, the cossacks of the Gift was famous for their work of mail, recognition and harassing of the creepage distances.

Starting from Yvan terrible the, the Tsars of Russia will stick the services of the cossacks of the Gift, in particular in their sending, supply, ammunition, vivres, to as well associate the services of these crack cavalry, as to maintain them in a state of tender, preventing them from being turned over against the Russian capacity.

The apogee of the cossacks of the Gift

The cossacks of the Gift, knew their apogee during the wars between Russia and Napoleon, the cossacks of the Gift are famous to have carried out by great cold, a crossing of the Alps considered like unfeasible.

They also went to Paris, and fought Prussia and Austria with ferocity, always in the objective to protect the borders from the Russian Empire.

Organization of the cossacks of the Gift

The cosaquery is directed by a military assembly Split it and an elected ataman with life. Split is directed by an executive commander, which with almost as much of being able that Ataman, and directs the cosaquery with him.

It is divided into ten armies:

the army of the Gift
the army of Kouban,
the army of Astrakhan
the army of Terek,
the army of Ouralsk
the army of Orenburg
the army of Semirétché
the army of Usuri
the army of Siberia, based on banks of the river Love
the army of Transbaïkal

Each army were made up of Sotjen and regiments of the Gift.

The army of the Gift, the principal army of the cosaquery, could mobilize almost without delay 70.000 " sabers" (riders of elite)

the cossacks of the Gift was organized put aside the cossacks of the imperial Guard.

Uniform of the cossacks of the Gift

The uniform of the cossacks of the Gift is of a remarkable unit by reports/ratios with those of the other cosaqueries, which vary according to the units.

The uniform is blue non-commissioned officer of red, with the typical cap of fur of the cossacks.

Ataman of the Gift

The ataman is leading cosaquery.

He is elected by the military assembly of Sotnia (the Rada Cossack), with life, or until Split in decides differently, he is the only one which all the cossacks of Sotnia answer.

Split is made up of a representative of each Sotnia of the cosaquery.

The majority of the Ataman of the Gift were anoblis by the Tsars of Russia under count, to see Kniaz sometimes (Duke).

Since Pierre Ier of Russia, the table of the rows or Tchin, governed the position of the cossacks in the nobility of the Empire.

Atamans are generally to the 4 or 3rd tchiny (class) of the table, titrates equivalent with that of general, it is besides the rank of several Ataman of the Gift of which Platov.

Some Ataman of the Gift:

Matveï Platov, Ataman of the Gift during the Napoleonean wars. It was the Ataman last until the restoration of the military region of the Gift at the time of the Russian civil war.
Alexeï Maximovitch Kalédine, Ataman of the Gift at the time of the Civil war, it commits suicide on January 29th, 1918
Nazarov, Right-hand man of Kaledine, is elected Ataman with died of this last, it is carried out by the Bolsheviks on February 25th, 1918
the General Piotr Nicolaïevitch Krasnov, is elected Ataman of the Gift in May 1918, it will be the Ataman last elected by the cossacks of the Gift.

Indeed, the Soviets will not recognize the authority of Ataman and the decosaquification of the territories Bolsheviks in was started with the end of the year 1918.

Two executive Commander of Split

Mitrofan Petrovitch Bogajèwski, he was the commander of Rada Gift at the time of the government of Ataman Kaledine, he was stopped and shot by the red guards, in 1918.

Afrikan Petrovitch Bogajèwski, it took the head of Rada Gift, in dead of his/her brother, itself died in exile in Paris in 1934.

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