Cortex préfrontal

The cortex préfrontal is the former part of the frontal Lobe of the Cerveau, located in front of the areas prémotrices. This area is the seat various functions Cognitive S known as higher (in particular the language, the Working memory, the Raisonnement, and more generally the executive Fonctions). It is also the area of the Goût and the Odorat. It is one of the zones of the brain which underwent strongest expansion during the evolution of the Primate S until the Hominidé S. Within the surfaces préfrontales, one distinguishes:

  • the cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral ( dlPFC ) located on the external face (the visible part of the brain seen on side)
  • the lower frontal cortex (of which the area orbitofrontale) which are located under the areas dorsolatérales and above the ocular orbits
  • the frontal cortex médial and cingulaire former which is located along the interhemispheric Scissure and to the top and in front of the callous Corps.

The cortex préfrontal exists in a more primitive state at the Rat, mammal dividing approximately 90% of Gènes strict orthologists with the man, with a quasi total Orthologie between man and rat relating to “genes of disease”. The study of the brain of the rat thus proves important for the design of drugs useful for the man. Nevertheless, the cortex préfrontal of the Rat is differentiated less than that from the Primate, and it shows anatomical characteristics and functional calculuses which would correspond to a mixture of the characteristics of several under-parts of the cortex préfrontal of the Primate S. For example, even if certain authors consider that the cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral (dlPFC) is a zone of the specific brain of the Primate S, the prelimbic surface (PL) of the cortex préfrontal of the Rat presents at the same time analogies with the dlPFC in term of implication in the Working memory or in the sequencing of the behavioral tasks, and at the same time of the analogies with the median frontal cortex of the Primate S in term of anatomical connections with other zones of the Cerveau.

Anatomical characteristics of the cortex préfrontal also exist at the Chien.

References

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