Cornwall
See also: Cornouailles (homonymy)
The Cornwall ( Kernev , Bro Gernev in Breton) is a Pays of Brittany. It bears the same name as the Cornwall British, known as also Cornouailles.
Etymology
- It is possible that this name was given to him in reference to this area of Cornouailles ( Kerniv ), just like current the Devon (old Dumnonia ) gave its name to the Domnonée which indicated the Northern coast of Brittany to the Early middle ages.
- According to another assumption which had a long time course, the name would be of Anglo-Saxon origin and would mean “the country from abroad” in reference to the quartering of the Celtes of On the other side of the channel by the invaders Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisons.
Late antiquity
Both Cornwall (S) find more probably their origin common at the end of the 3rd century: the Saxon Pirate incursions of , Clippings and Scots, associated with plunderings of the bagaudes, force the Armorican cities (inter alia) to be surrounded in urgency of walls whose remainders are still seen with Alet, Brest, Nantes, Rennes and Vannes. In front of the incurie of the Roman Empire, the person in charge of the defense of the coasts, the ménapien Carausius (then its successor Allectus) establishes between 288 and 296 an empire separated on the coasts north and south from the Manche to guarantee them invasions.
The emperor Constance Chlorinates overcomes them in 293 and 296 and, having restored the unit of the empire on this side, organizes coastal defense while transferring from the Bretons in Armorique from 296-297. These Breton is Cornovii, people undoubtedly faithful to Rome and selected for this reason. The chief town of their city is with Viroconium Cornoviorum (current the Wroxeter) and they occupy more in north the port of Deva (Chester). Cornovii being in charge of the military control of the Western points of the Brittany and the Armorique, i.e. west of the Handle, their name would have been preserved in these places. It thus is not about a massive Colonisation as that will arrive at the 6th century, but of a military Occupation.
The Tract armoricanus and nervicanus (military administration in charge of the control of all the coasts of Boulogne to the the Gironde) and its armed wing, the Classis armoricana (Armorican Fleet) are created properly only in 370, under the reign of the emperor Valentinien I {{er}}.
Early middle ages
See also: Kingdom of Cornwall
Other princes are known as to have reigned on the coasts north and south of the Western English Channel, like the king de Cornouaille Daniel Drem Rud at the 6th century, and the famous count Conomor compared to king Marc of British Cornouailles (Marcus Cunomorus).
The Armorican Cornwall is mentioned for the first time and indirectly between 852 and 857 when “the bishop of Saint-Corentin”, Anaweten, is described as Cornugallensis (adj. Latin derived from Cornugallia ).
The existence of a commune of Anjou called “Cornuaille” caused an assumption which would make of it a geographical name or soldier covering all Brittany of the South and making during in Domnonée on the Northern shore at the 6th century or 7th century.
Formation of Brittany
With the IXe century, it seems that the name of Poher (for Louse-Caer = Pays of the City or Country of the Castle or Country of Carhaix) replaced that of Cornwall. Thereafter, it was reserved for the valley of the Aulne, whose capital was Carhaix and constituting one of both archidiaconés of the diocese of Cornwall (the other being at the 14th century the Archidiaconé of Cornwall, which covered only the coastal area). Perhaps this differentiation remains in the still alive distinction between Low-Cornwall and High-Cornwall, the latter indicating the area of Carhaix and Rostrenen which one now calls… Poher.
At the end of the 9th century, the feudal county of Cornwall takes again the name of the old kingdom. Its dynasty reaches the ducal throne , it passed to the bishop of Quimper which becomes count-bishop of Cornwall until the 11th century when two brothers are distributed dignities of them.
The expression “Cornwall” also indicates the Diocèse of Quimper, which perdure until the Revolution.
The bishop who sits at Quimper was titrated " bishop of Cornouaille" since the origins. Its diocese covered southern two thirds of current the Finistere and extended partly on the current ones évêchés from Valves and St-Brieuc. Since the Revolution, évêchés of Cornwall and the Leon plain in only one were évêché of Leon and Cornwall (seat in Quimper) and their territory was copied on that of the department of Finistere.
The episcopal chapter included/understood two Archidiacre S, one for Cornwall and the other for the Poher, a Chantre, a treasurer, theological and twelve canons. It was the least rich of all Brittany. The civil constitution of the clergy, creating a Diocese of Quimper and Leon, removed in 1791 that of Cornwall, from which the greatest part was allotted to the new district.
The name was taken again officially in 2001 for its part in the south of a line Châteaulin - Scaër for the district of programming “Country of Cornwall” made up of 112 communes (Loi Voynet, 1999).
Cornwall is said into Breton Kerne , Kernev or Bro Gerne and in Latin Cornugallia , sometimes “Cornubia”.
Cornwall nowadays
Composed of 218 communes (on the basis of current commune), Cornwall counted - with the last census of 1999 - 456.307 inhabitants for an total surface area of 5.979 km ².
See too
References
Joelle Quaghebeur, Cornwall of IXe at the 12th century , archaeological Company of Finistere, 2001. ISBN 2 906790 05 2
Internal bonds
-
List of the kings then counts de Cornouaille.
- List of the bishops of Cornwall.
External bond
- Geography of Brittany, lists towns of Cornwall
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