Cop-on-the Scheldt

See also: Cop

Cop-on-the Scheldt is a common French, located in the department of the Northern (59) and the area Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

Its inhabitants is called Condéens and Condéennes.
During the French revolution the city was called North-Free.

Geography

Cop-on-the Scheldt is located at 12 km in the North-East of Valencian, to 51 km of Lille, to 90 km of Brussels and to 239 km of Paris. The city is with the Confluent Haine and the Scheldt.

History

The name of Cop (- on-the the Scheldt) comes from the Celtic Cond (E) , Condat (E) , which signifit “Confluent” (here that of the Haine, diverted today, and of the Scheldt). The name is romanisé in Condatum with the Gallo-Roman time before becoming Conde at the 14th century: re-elected North-Free in 1794 after the French revolution, it takes its current name, “Cop-on-the Scheldt” in 1886.

Located in Gaulle Belgium at the time Celtic, the site, which from time immemorial knew to benefit from its strategic situation (as well militarily as economically), is occupied by the Nerviens then by the Romains which install a military camping there. The Francs also settle there at the time of the Invasions and even the Viking S, appeared first once in 855, are established there temporarily. In 880, going up the the Scheldt and directed by their big boss Rollon the Walker, they take the fortified town and establish there a fortified camp with an embryo from fortifications; driven out in 885, they reappear as of the following year until their final expulsion in 889.

The city, very disputed, is in turn taken by the Flemish troops of Jacques van Artevelde, by the king of France Louis XI, by the Gueux, the Spanish forces of Don Juan of Austria, by the French marshal Turenne. In 1655 and 1656, the city is defended by, inter alia Vauban (which does not order).

In 1676, the “Sun king” seizes Cop (the seat is directed by Vauban) who becomes definitively French in 1678 by the treated of Nimègue. Vauban then of Buat improves the fortifications of the old fortified town what does not prevent the Austrian troops of François of Saxony-Cobourg from occupying the city after a 92 days blockade (July 10th 1793). Removed from the Austrians the September 3rd 1794, it falls to the hands from “United” during the fall of Napoleon (1815): they leave it later only three years, in 1818.

In 1901, Cop-on-the Scheldt loses its title of Fortified town: the State authorizes then its dismantling in 1923 and during the Second world war, the commune is occupied by the German which exploit its workmen and his mine of coal.

Coal is exploited with Cop-on-the Scheldt until in 1989, date of the permanent closure of the mine, up to that point first source of employment for the men.

Mines: Carboniferous of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Administration

Cop-on-the Scheldt east member of the Community of agglomeration of Valencians Metropolis which gathers 35 communes

Demography

Places and monuments

  • Belfry (13th century)

  • Town hall (1774)
  • Châtelet of Hostel de Bailleul (quoted in XIVe century)
  • Castle of the Hermitage (18th century)
  • Fortifications of Vauban
  • feudal Castle of Nicolas d' Avesnes concerning Hainaut. Romance Building of XIIe century - Altered in phillipien in XVe century - transformed into arsenal at the end of XVIIe S.
  • Mill of Croy
  • Pregnant urban several times altered: XIIe S. (by Baudouin IV Edifieur, count de Hainaut), XVIe S. (by the Spaniards), XVIIIe S. (by Vauban), XIXe S. (by Séré de Rivières) and XXe S. (blockhouse).
  • Door Vautourneux (17th century)
  • Church Saint-Wasnon.
See " Bibliographie".

Personalities related to the commune

Twinnings

  • , to see
  • , to see

See too

  • Common of North

External bonds

  • the site of the city

  • the Community of agglomeration Valencians Metropolis
  • Cop-on-the Scheldt on the site of the national geographical Institute
  • Cop-on-the Scheldt on the site of INSEE
  • Cop-on-the Scheldt on the site of Quid
  • Localization of Cop-on-the Scheldt on a chart of France and communes bordering
  • Plane on Cop-on-the Scheldt on Mapquest

Sources

  • Bruno Carpentier, Cop-on-the Scheldt, Pagus Condatensis , Sopaic Editions, Charleville-Mézières, 2004 (historical monograph of Cop-on-the Scheldt)

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