Cooperation organization of Shanghai

List members

Member States:

China
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Russia
Tadjikistan

Observant states:

India
Iran
Mongolia
Pakistan

History

It succeeds with the adhesion of the Ouzbékistan, with an abstract group without permanent administrative structure, under the name of Shanghai Five or Shanghai 5 , which had been created in 1996 during the signature of a treaty in Shanghai. The purpose of it was to improve the relations between members: to regulate the problems of border on the old border sino-Soviet, to facilitate the economic cooperation. He allows the signature of agreements on the intangibility of these borders, then in 1997 on the reduction of the armed forces at the borders, then to the measures of confidence between armies of the Member States.
The organization is formalized by the treaty of 2001. Its institutions are created in 2002: Charter, foundation of the RATS
In 2004, the Mongolia became observant member of the OCS. In 2005, the India, the Iran and the Pakistan became it. This statute was refused in the United States.
Its goals are (according to its own official statements), by the means of dialogs enter the various Heads of State or government:

reinforcement of mutual confidence and the relations of good neighborhood between the Member States;

to facilitate the co-operation between these States in the political arenas, economic and commercial, scientific and technical, cultural and educational, like in the fields of energy, transport, tourism and the environment;

to safeguard regional peace, safety and stability;

to work with the creation of a new international, just and democratic order political and economic.

The secretariat of the OCS is located at Beijing. The other permanent structure of the organization, RATS (Structure regional anti-terrorist), is installed with Tachkent.

Forces

Among the various mobilizable military forces, one finds in particular:

Russia: 1,1 million men, 8.232 nuclear warheads, 70 submarines.
China: 2,25 million men, 402 nuclear warheads, 70 submarines.

For the year 2006, the military expenditure of the Member States of NATO protests to 796,7 billion dollars compared with officially 85 billion for the OCS (including 49,5 billion for China and 34,7 for Russia).

Achievements

The assets of this structure are placed primarily in the field of safety: common operations (sino-kazakhes, then sino-Russian in 2005), common authority of fight against terrorism. Since the conference of Astana, the co-operation also extends to the fight against separatisms, terrorism and the extremism (Islamic), like, against the expansionism étatsuniens, by a declaration requiring the closing of the bases étatsuniennes in the area.

It also offers a place of discussion between the two great powers close to the Central Asia, which disputes the influence on this area. Joint catches of position between China and Russia made it possible to make move back the influence of the United States in the area

For certain sources, this organization constitutes an alternative to NATO, likely to make lean on its side the India, whose the United States seek alliance vis-a-vis in China.

For the IFRI, it is only one trompe-l'oeil and does not have any concrete action, for example in the close Afghanistan.

In 2007, joint military operations are organized under the name Mission of peace 2007 . They gather the 6 Member States for missions of drive, from August 6th to 17th.

List tops of the OCS

Summits of Shangai Five (1996-2000)

April 26th 1996 with Shanghai (China)

signature of the Treated on the deepening of military confidence in the border regions (Treaty one Deepening Military Trust in Bordering Regions) .

April 24th 1997 with Moscow (Russia)

signature of the Treated for the reduction of the military forces in the border regions ( Treaty one Reduction off Military Forces in Bordering Areas ).

July 3rd 1998 with Almaty (Kazakhstan)
August 25th 1999 with Bichkek (Kyrgyzstan)
July 5th 2000 with Douchanbé (Tadjikistan): fifth and last top of the Heads of State.

the Ouzbékistan is allowed like observer.

Summits of the Heads of State

June 15th 2001 with Shanghai (China): first top of the Heads of State.

signature of the Declaration of the Cooperation organization of Shanghai (Declaration off Shanghai Organization Co-operation) .

July 7th 2002 with Saint-Petersbourg (Russia): second top of the Heads of State.

signature of the Charter of the Cooperation organization of Shanghai (Shanghai Co-operation Organization Charter) .

May 29th 2003 with Moscow (Russia): third top of the Heads of State.
June 17th 2004 with Tachkent (Ouzbékistan): fourth top of the Heads of State.

the Mongolia is allowed like observer.

July 5th 2005 with Astana (current capital of the Kazakhstan): fifth top of the Heads of State.

the India, the Iran and the Pakistan are allowed like observers.

June 15th 2006 with Shanghai (China): sixth top of the Heads of State.
August 16th 2007 with Bichkek (Kirghizstan): seventh top of the Heads of State. Military exercises, entitled " Mission for peace 2007 " and gathering 6 : 500 soldiers of the various Member States, are held in the area of Urumqi.

Summits of the heads of government

September 14th 2001 with Almaty (old capital of the Kazakhstan): first top of the heads of government
September 23rd 2003 with Beijing (China): top of the heads of government

The Cooperation organization of Shanghai ( Shanghai co-operation organization , frequently spelled Shanghai co-operation organization ) is an intergovernmental organization Asian.

See too

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