Constancy II
Constancy II , (August 7th 317 - November 3rd 361), Roman Emperor of 337 with 361. It is called often simply “Constancy”: his/her grandfather, Constance Ier is generally called Constance Chlorinates.
Its advent
Third wire of Constantin I {{er}} (after Crispus and Constantin II), it shared initially the capacity with his/her brothers Constantin II and Constant Ier, while taking care on Eastern behalf of the empire. After the death of Constantin II in 340, it continued to control starting from Antioche this zone, while carrying out a long war against the Perse. In 350, Constant was détrôné by the usurper Magnence and was killed shortly after in the surroundings of Elne.Its reign
In 351, Constance II named César in the East his/her cousin Gallus.To stop progress of Magnence, a girl of Constantin I {{er}} caused the rising of a general pannonien, Vetranio, which was made emperor with Mursa. Constancy II left the East and Vetranio was subjected at once. The meeting with Magnence took place during the Bataille of Mursa, in September 351, battles fatal which was for the Empire an irrevocable disaster, all its best forces being destroyed. Beaten Magnence committed suicide. Constancy II conquered Italy in 352 and Gaulle in 353. The whole of the empire was thus joined together under its authority. On this date Constancy, being with Arles, decided that a council would be held to with it to put at the step Athanase, the bishop of Alexandria which was opposed to the Arianisme and with his authority. He arbitrated the meetings and claimed the judgment of Athanase of them. It is the council of Arles of 353 chaired by the bishop of Arles Saturnin.
In 354, dissatisfied with the manner of controlling of its Gallus nephew, it made it carry out.
In 355, it sent the half-brother of Gallus, Julien, to represent it as a Gaulle, with the title of César, while itself resided at Milan, anxious of the danger Alaman. In 356, it published an edict of persecution against the pagan ones: “We issue the capital punishment against those which are convinced to adore the idols. ” In 357, it came to visit Rome, which it did not know, then an offensive against the Sarmates and finally against the Perses led.
But in 360, with Lutèce, the troops of Gaulle proclaimed Julien Auguste, i.e. emperor with whole share. Constancy II had to go against him, when, in 361, in the course of road, it died suddenly, after having received, like his/her father, the baptism of a priest arien, bequeathing the throne to its candidate.
According to the funerary rites reserved to the emperors, Constancy received the Apotheosis.
Its work
Constancy II is a convinced arien. It fails to make adopt a creed who satisfies the ariens and the orthodoxe Christians in order to find a religious unit in the Empire. He however does not hesitate into 259 to promulgate a law which defines what must be the faith of the subjects of the Empire, striking example of Césaropapisme. Much less known than Constantin (and than Julien), Constance had however a long reign. It was undoubtedly him which consolidated the evolutions started by Constantin, confirming Constantinople like imperial capital and making impossible the return of the empire to paganism. It organized the administration carefully and, in spite of vexations, managed to protect the empire against the attacks which threatened this one on two faces, on the side of the Persia and the side of the the Rhine. Under certain aspects, it is the first Byzantine emperor.
See too
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