Constable

Connétable (of the Latin comes stabuli , the Count of the cattle shed, to include/understand count in charge with the stables and thus, at the origin, of the cavalry of war) was a high dignity of many medieval kingdoms. According to the countries its role was generally to order the army and to regulate the problems between knights or noble, via a special court, like the English Court off Chivalry or French jurisdiction of the not of honor. Sometimes, it had also policing powers. The constable was assisted by one or more marshals.

The function of constable is not a tenure, but a function of ministérial.

France

Old Mode

The constable under the Old Mode appears as of the dynasty mérovingienne. Its role was confined with the management of the royal stables. But following the crumbling of the royal capacity, this last becomes extensive towards all the army corps. Even after the restoration of the royal capacity starting from the XVI° century, the constable keeps the most rank within the French Army.

First Empire

In 1808, Napoleon created high-ranking dignitaries of the French Empire, of which a constable, his brother Louis Bonaparte, king d' Hollande, and a vice-constable, the marshal Berthier, prince de Neuchâtel. If the dignity granted to Louis were purely honorary, Berthier was the chief of Staff of the Napoleonean army. Napoleon joined again with a tradition of Old Mode by giving the dignity of constable to his most effective general.

British Isles

England

The dignity of Lord large constable ( Lord high constable ) was one of the large offices of the English crown. It had the load of the army and particularly of the cavalry and off chaired the Court Chivalry which treated all the affairs of honor between gentilhommes. The dignity of constable was attached under count d' Hereford and was attached to the crown in 1521. Since then, one names holders only for the ceremonies of crowning.

One named under the name of Constables in England of the municipal officers in charge of the execution of the laws and the maintenance of law and order; they were placed under the authority of the Justice of the Peace and have as badges a stick of one meter approximately length, surmounted royal weapons, and a small rod of copper from 30 to 40 centimetres, with which they touch those that they must stop.

This service, instituted under Edouard III of England, was a long time free, like was in France that of the national guard. Since 1829, old the constables was replaced by police officers ( police force constable ), who are remunerated. The word constable like that of constable, with which it was synonymous in the origin, comes from horns stabuli .

Scotland

In the Kingdom of Scotland, the dignity of large constable ( high constable ) is hereditary in the family Hay, counts d' Errol. She is still carried nowadays.

Ireland

There existed between the XIIe and the 14th centuries, a dignity of constable of Ireland, with the hands of the families Lacy and Verdun.

Channel Islands

To the Channel Islands, the municipal chiefs of the Paroisse S always carry the title of constable .

Iberian peninsula

Kingdom of Navarre

The dignity of constable ( condestable ) is attached under count de Lerín: it passed from the family of Beaumont to the family Álvarez de Toledo, pile clusters, then with the family of Silva, counts de Galve and with the Fitzjames family, dukes of Berwick. She is still carried nowadays.

Crown of Aragon

The dignity of large constable of the Couronne of Aragon ( gran conestable ) belonged to the family of Cardona, before being confiscated by monarchy at the 16th century. The dignity of constable of the Royaume of Aragon was hereditary in the Ferrandis family, dukes of Híxar, and passed Fitzjames, to dukes of Berwick. She is still carried nowadays.

Kingdom of Portugal

The dignity of constable ( condestável ) of Portugal was creates in 1382 by the king Ferdinand I {{er}} to replace that of Alferes of Portugal . The constable, second character of the kingdom after the king, had the upper hand on the army, which it ordered in the absence of the sovereign. This last always allotted the dignity of constable to his own initiative. However after the arrival on the throne of the constable Jean de Bragance, the function became purely honorary.

See too

Related articles

Partial source

External bonds

  • armmoireries of the constables of France
  • seneshals, constables, marshals, and admirals having served France before 1789

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